余贤美+聂佩显+薛晓敏+安淼+王金政

摘要：为研究果实Ca、N含量对苹果苦痘病发病特征的影响，笔者以矮化中间砧短枝富士苹果（天红2号/SH/八龙海棠）为试材，测定了健康果实、发病果实以及病果不同部位的Ca、N含量。结果显示，发病果实的全Ca量显著低于健康果实，全N量和N/Ca值均高于健康果实；发病程度越严重，全Ca量降低的越多，全N量和N/Ca值增加的越多。与健康果实相比，病果病斑部位的全Ca降低量和N/Ca比值增加量均大于无病斑部位，而无病斑部位的全N增加量大于病斑部位。说明苦痘病对果实Ca、N含量影响较大，而且，对病果不同部位的影响也有差异。本试验结果可为下一步研究苹果苦痘病对果实P、K等其他矿质元素的影响奠定基础，并为苹果苦痘病的防治提供理论依据。

关键词：苹果苦痘病；全Ca量；全N量；N/Ca值

中图分类号：S436.611.1 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）08-0124-03

Abstract The dwarfing interstock short-shoot Fuji apple was used for investigating the influence of Ca and N contents on the characteristics of apple bitter pit disease. The Ca and N contents of healthy fruits， diseased fruits and different parts of diseased fruits were measured. The results showed that the Ca content of diseased fruits was significantly less than that of healthy fruits， while the N content and N/Ca value of diseased fruits were more than those of healthy fruits. The decrease of Ca content and the increase of N content and N/Ca value were greater when the bitter pit disease was more serious. Compared with healthy fruits， the decrease of Ca content and the increase of N/Ca value in symptom parts of diseased fruits were greater than those in no-symptom parts， while the increase of N content in symptom parts was less than that in no-symptom parts. The results indicated that bitter pit disease had great influences on the Ca and N contents in fruits， and had different influences on different parts of diseased fruits. This experiment would lay foundations for further research on influence of bitter pit disease on other mineral elements such as P and K of apple fruits， and provide guidance for the control of apple bitter pit disease.

Keywords Apple bitter pit disease； Ca content； N content； N/Ca value

Ca、N是苹果生长发育过程中重要的矿质元素，对果实的质量和产量影响较大[1]。苦痘病是苹果成熟期和贮藏期经常发生的一种重要生理性病害，严重影响果实的品质和价值，造成巨大经济损失。

各国学者对苹果苦痘病的发病原因和机制以及防治措施等进行了广泛的研究，发现果实Ca含量的降低、N含量的增加以及N/Ca值的升高均会增加苹果苦痘病的发病程度[2-5]。近年来，有关苦痘病与‘斗南、‘富士和‘长富苹果果实Ca、N、P、K等主要矿质元素的相关性已有研究[5，6]。但关于苦痘病与短枝富士苹果果实Ca、N含量等矿质元素相关性的研究尚未见报道。……