亚洲玉米螟高致病力球孢白僵菌菌株的分离筛选
2017-09-09孙艺昕门兴元于毅张思聪夏小菊叶保华李丽莉
孙艺昕+门兴元+于毅+张思聪+夏小菊+叶保华+李丽莉
摘要:亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)是我国玉米生产上的重要害虫,目前以化学防治为主。为寻求一种可持续的防治方法,本文从14株白僵菌菌株中初步筛选出对亚洲玉米螟致病力较强的6株白僵菌YB15、YB8、TB1126、TB1358、YB32、TB7,其致死中时间分别为0.66、1.44、1.29、0.99、1.42、1.28 d。同时测定了这6株白僵菌对亚洲玉米螟的致病力,从中筛选出产孢量大、萌发率高及毒力较强的球孢白僵菌YB15,在26℃条件下,该菌株浓度为1×109 孢子·mL-1时,亚洲玉米螟老熟幼虫死亡率达到96.67%,感染僵死率达到73.33%。在亚洲玉米螟的生物防治中有很好的应用潜力。
关键词:亚洲玉米螟;白僵菌;菌株筛选;致病力
中图分类号:S435.132 文献标识号:A 文章编号:1001-4942(2017)08-0111-04
Abstract The Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important insect pest of corn in China.Chemical control is the usual treatment method at present. To explore strategies for sustainable control of the pest population, the pathogenicity of 14 isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana to mature larvae of Asian corn borer was tested under laboratory conditions. Six strains (YB15, YB8, TB1126, TB1358, YB32 and TB7) were selected for their high virulence and the shorter half lethal time (LT50) on mature larvae of O. furnacalis as 0.66, 1.44, 1.29, 0.99, 1.42 and 1.28 days respectively. The virulence against the mature larvae of O. furnacalis was compared between the 6 strains, and the results showed that YB15 strain exhibited the highest germination rate and sporulation and the strongest virulence. It could cause the corrected mortality of 96.67% and the cadaver rate of 73.33% after inoculation with 1×109 spores per milliliter at 26℃for 10 days. In conclusion, the strain YB15 has high application value for biological control of O. furnacalis.
Keywords Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée); Beauveria bassiana; Strain screening; Pathogenecity
亞洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)属于鳞翅目Lepidoptera螟蛾科Crambidae,是一种世界性害虫。其生存能力强,危害潜力大,主要危害玉米、高粱、谷子和棉花等,其中玉米受害最为严重,整个生育期均可受害,一般发生年份减产可达10%~20%,严重发生年份减产可达50%以上,甚至绝产[1,2]。近年来,随着全球气候变化,玉米螟的发生危害愈加严重,对我国粮食生产造成巨大的经济损失。
针对玉米螟的防治方法有多种,目前仍以化学防治为主,但由于玉米螟发生后期,玉米植株较大,不方便施药,防治效率很低或无法防治[1]。其他的物理、生物防治方法在当前一家一户种植模式下难以实现,相比之下,利用白僵菌作为植物内生菌进行生物防治是玉米螟防治的一种新途径。白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)致病力强,寄生范围广,有较高的开发潜力和应用价值,是现阶段研究和应用较多的昆虫生防菌[3]。……
