柏勇+杜静+杨婷婷+王正选+邱金亮+李靖

摘要：为了研究不同水土保持措施对石漠化地区的治理效果，进一步探索和完善石漠化地区水土流失治理工作，以云南沾益石漠化地区为研究对象，对水保林、坡耕地+巨菌草、坡改梯耕地、经果林等不同水土保持措施对石漠化径流小区涵养水源和保护与改良土壤等生态服务功能进行分析，得出以下结论：（1）在石漠化地区实施不同水土保持措施后的土壤涵养水源能力不同，其中，经果林、梯地、水保林的土壤涵养水源能力较好。（2）水保林、经果林、梯地能有效减少土壤侵蚀量，增加土壤孔隙度，增加有机质含量等。综合分析表明：水保林、经果林、梯地、坡耕地在涵养水源、保护与改良土壤等生态服务功能方面优于荒山草地。

关键词：石漠化；水土保持；径流量；土壤侵蚀量；土壤结构；土壤肥力

中图分类号：S157 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）08-0089-05

Abstract In order to study how different soil and water conservation measurements affecting rocky desertification area， explore and improve the management of soil and water conservation in Karst area， the rocky desertification in Zhanyi County of Yunnan Province had been selected to analyze the ecological service function of water conservation and soil improvement after taking different measures in 5 runoff plots of soil and water conservation forest， economic fruit forest， slope farmland（with Pennisetum sp.）， terracing farmland， wild grass land respectively.The results showed that：（1）different water conservation functions were obtained after taking different measures in rocky desertification area， and the water conservation function of soil and water conservation forest， economic fruit forest，terracing farmland were better than others. （2） The measures of soil and water conservation forest， economic fruit forest，terracing farmland could make soil erosion reduced， soil porosity and organic matter content increased. The comprehensive analyses indicated that soil and water conservation forest， economic fruit forest， slope farmland（with Pennisetum sp.） and terracing farmland were better than wild grass land in improving the ecological service function of water and soil conservation.

Keywords Rocky desertification；Water and soil conservation； Runoff；Soil erosion； Soil structure；Soil fertility

云南省是我国石漠化主要分布区之一，岩溶面积为11.09×104 hm2，占全省国土面积的28.15%[1]。石漠化导致可利用耕地减少，涵养水源能力下降，旱涝灾害频繁，土壤肥力下降，小生境气候恶化，生物多样性被破坏等危害。依照国家《岩溶地区石漠化综合治理规划大纲（2008—2015年）》，在石漠化区域展开了综合治理，试点工作也积极推进。经过多年的治理，石漠化片区生态有了很大起色，随着石漠化地区水土流失综合治理建设的逐步完成，研究岩溶石漠化区水土保持综合治理的效果成为一项迫在眉睫的工作。

在 20 世纪 90 年代，Daily[2]系统地对生态系统服务功能的概念、研究简史、价值评估理论、不同生态系统的服务功能等方面的内容进行了研究。……