不同控释肥对冬小麦产量及氮素利用的影响
2017-09-09李子双谭德水李洪杰王薇赵同凯
李子双+谭德水+李洪杰+王薇+赵同凯
摘要:为了探求适宜鲁西北地区的冬小麦缓控释肥品种,通过两年的定位试验,研究了5种控释肥对冬小麦群体结构、产量和氮肥利用率等方面的影响,并进行了综合评价。结果表明,与当地优化施肥(OPT)相比,三种控释肥处理(CRFA、CRFB、CRFD)能有效调控冬小麦群体,在产量、收获指数和氮素转运比例方面无显著差异,能达到预期目标。与OPT相比,CRFA、CRFB处理的氮肥利用率分别提高5.09个百分点和4.33个百分点。综合分析得出,与当地优化施肥相比,CRFA和CRFB的养分释放特性更符合当地冬小麦生长规律,其次是CRFD处理施用的控释肥。
关键词:控释肥;冬小麦;氮素利用率;群体结构;产量
中图分类号:S512.1+10.1 文献标识号:A 文章编号:1001-4942(2017)08-0073-05
Abstract In order to explore the suitability of different controlled release fertilizer varieties for winter wheat in Northwest Shandong, through two-year experiment, the effects of different controlled release fertilizers on winter wheat population structure, yield and nitrogen use efficiency were studied, and the comprehensive evaluation was conducted. The results showed that compared to the local optimum fertilization (OPT), CRFA, CRFB, CRFD treatments could effectively control the winter wheat population, and there were no significant differences in yield, harvest index and nitrogen translocation ratio, so they could reach the expected goal. Compared with OPT, CRFA and CRFB treatments increased the nitrogen use efficiency by 5.09 and 4.33 percentage points, respectively. According to the comprehensive analysis, the nutrient releasing characteristics of CRFA and CRFB treatments were more suitable for the growth of winter wheat, followed by the CRFD treatment.
Keywords Controlled release fertilizer; Winter wheat; Nitrogen utilization; Population structure; Yield
冬小麥是我国的主要粮食作物之一,2014年我国冬小麦种植面积达618万公顷,但其经济效益相对较低,随着农村劳动力越来越缺乏,一些科学施肥技术,如氮肥深施和多次施氮肥技术已经无法广泛应用[1]。缓/控释肥料为解决一次性施肥技术提出了新的思路和途径,成为肥料生产和施肥技术的一次革命[2]。缓/控释肥具有节约劳动力、降低农业生产成本的优点,同时还能避免高浓度盐分对作物根系的危害,提高肥料利用率,节约能源和资源,减少淋溶和挥发,保护环境等[3-5]。当前,缓控释肥在夏玉米和水稻等作物上的应用已经相对比较成熟[6,7],这是由于这两种作物的生育期都较短。而冬小麦的生育期较长,历经240天,经历低温和高温,有降雨量较大的时期也有降雨量较少的时期,温度条件和天气条件相对比较复杂,因此对适宜冬小麦生长规律的控释氮肥产品要求相对较高。……
