辛承松+罗振+孔祥强+代建龙+董合忠+张祥宗

摘要：试验在黄河三角洲盐碱地棉田上进行，以转Bt基因抗虫棉品种鲁棉研28号为试材，研究了硅钙钾肥施用对盐碱地棉花K+、Na+吸收积累、叶绿素含量、干物质积累和产量的影响，以期为盐碱地改良和棉花合理施肥提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明，硅钙钾肥作为基肥施用明显增加盐碱地棉花的K+吸收积累量、减少Na+吸收积累量；硅钙钾肥的施用还可维持较高的棉株叶面积、叶绿素含量，增强棉花抗逆性，增加棉株干物质积累量，提高棉花产量。棉花皮棉产量以在常规施肥量（CK）的基础上，加施硅钙钾肥750 kg/hm2的处理较高，比对照增加6.9%，差异达显著水平，表明合理增施硅钙钾肥，对改良盐碱地土壤、增强棉花抗逆性、提高棉花产量均具有良好作用。

关键词：硅钙钾肥；盐碱地；棉花；生理特性；抗逆性；产量

中图分类号：S562.01 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）08-0069-04

Abstract In order to provide theoretical bases and technologies for saline-alkali soil reclamation and fertilizer application of cotton， the experiment was conducted with Bt cotton cultivar SCRC28 in coastal saline soil in the Yellow River Delta， Shandong Province. The effects of different amounts of silicon-calcium-potash fertilizer on the K+ and Na+ assimilation， chlorophyll content， dry matter accumulation and lint yield of cotton were investigated. The results showed that the K+uptake of cotton was obviously higher， and the Na+ uptake of cotton was obviously lower under the treatment with silicon-calcium-potash fertilizer as base fertilizer. The leaf area， chlorophyll content， stress resistance， dry matter accumulation and lint yield of cotton under the treatment of silicon-calcium-potash fertilizer application were also higher than those in corresponding controls. The lint yield under the treatment with 750 kg/hm2 of silicon-calcium-potash fertilizer added based on usual fertilizer amount increased by 6.9% significantly compared to the controls. It indicated that economic application of silicon-calcium-potash fertilizer played positive roles in saline-alkali soil reclamation，stress resistance improvement and lint yield increase of cotton in coastal saline fields.

Keywords Silicon-calcium-potash fertilizer；Saline soil；Cotton；Physiological characteristics； Stress resistance； Yield

棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.）是一種重要的经济作物，其耐盐性较强，有盐碱地区“先锋作物”的称号。盐碱地是我国宝贵的土地资源，山东省有滨海盐碱地和内陆盐碱地两大类型，是全国盐碱地面积最大的省份之一，主要分布在棉花主产区，盐碱地棉花已成为我国棉花主要生态类型之一。当前，盐碱地棉田面积占全国棉花种植总面积的份额越来越大，而且地位也越来越重要。依靠棉花耐盐性强的特点，改良利用盐碱地植棉并不断提高现有盐碱地棉花的产量，是提升棉花生产水平和参与国际市场竞争的重要途径。……