韩彦飞+刘苗苗+徐丽丽+郭立忠

摘要：本研究测定了双孢蘑菇亲本FA15与突变株FA15-5、FA15-6子实体的氨基酸含量，并利用非生物学指标，以鸡蛋蛋白为标准蛋白，以WHO/FAO必需氨基酸参考模式为评价标准，对双孢蘑菇子实体的蛋白质营养价值进行了全面評价。结果表明：亲本与两个突变株的氨基酸种类齐全，必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的百分比分别为36.99%、39.31%、36.53%。亲本和突变株的限制性氨基酸均为异亮氨酸。氨基酸评分（AAS）显示，FA15-5、FA15-6比FA15分别低31.71%高25.00%。突变株FA15-6的必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）值较FA15高39.97%，生物价（BV）较FA15高54.73%，营养指数（NI）值较FA15高40.00%。因此，在营养价值方面，FA15-6是优于亲本的良好突变菌株。

关键词：双孢蘑菇；突变株；氨基酸；蛋白质；营养评价

中图分类号：S646.1+10.1 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）08-0059-04

Abstract Through the determination of amino acid content in sporocarps， the parent Agaricus bisporus strain FA15 and its mutant strains FA15-5 and FA15-6 were comprehensively assessmented in protein nutritive values using the non-biological indicants with the egg protein as standard protein and the essential amino acid reference pattern of WHO/FAO as evaluation criterion. The results showed that the kinds of amino acids in the parent and the two mutant strains were complete， and their essential amino acids accounted for 36.99%， 39.31% and 36.53% of the total amino acids， respectively.Their restrictive amino acid was isoleucine. The amino acid scores of FA15-5 and FA15-6 were 31.71% lower and 25.00% higher than that of FA15 respectively. The EAAI value， biological value and nutrition index of mutant strain FA15-6 were 39.97%， 54.73% and 40.00% higher than those of the parent strain FA15 respectively. In conclusion， FA15-6 was a better mutant strain with better nutritional value than the parent strain FA15.

Keywords Agaricus bisporus；Mutant strain； Amino acid；Protein；Nutritional assessment

双孢蘑菇味道鲜美，食疗价值较高，国内外市场大，特别受发达国家青睐，生产前景十分广阔[1]，其子实体含有丰富的蛋白质、甘露糖、海藻糖及各种氨基酸类物质[2]，营养价值高于其他植物类食物，享有“植物肉”的美誉，是现代绿色健康饮食的首选食物。林忠宁[3]、姜萍萍[4]等的研究均表明双孢蘑菇具较高的营养价值。本试验以双孢蘑菇亲本和突变株子实体为试验材料，对其进行氨基酸含量的测定[5]，并通过化学评分、氨基酸评分、必需氨基酸指数、生物价等评价指标，对样品进行营养价值的分析评价。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

双孢蘑菇亲本FA15和突变株FA15-5、FA15-6均由山东省应用真菌重点实验室提供。

1.2 氨基酸含量的测定

1.2.1 样品处理 供试样品经60℃烘干至恒重后，用台湾鑫田6202高速粉碎机粉碎，过180 μm孔径筛子，放入干燥器内待分析。……