田淑慧+陶翠霞+张锋

摘要：为丰富药用植物耐盐性理论，以20种常用药用植物为研究对象，采用盆栽方法进行试验。设置不同盐胁迫浓度，测定盐胁迫下药用植物种子的出苗率、叶片含水量、叶片脯氨酸含量、苗期干物质积累量，并通过计算20种药用植物的耐盐指数隶属函数值对其耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明：大黄、紫苏、薄荷、决明子耐盐，可在中度以下盐渍地种植；知母、黄芪、黄芩具有一定耐盐性，可在中低度盐渍地种植；苦参、鸡冠花、薏米对盐分低度敏感，可在轻盐地块种植；紫花地丁、益母草、蒲公英、射干、板蓝根、防风、丹参对盐中度敏感，可尝试在轻盐渍地种植；徐长卿、石竹、牛膝对盐最敏感，不适宜在盐渍土上种植。

关键词：药用植物；盐胁迫；耐盐性；隶属函数评价

中图分类号：S567.01 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）08-0049-06

Abstract In order to enrich the salt tolerance theories of medicinal plants and guide their production in saline soil， 20 common medicinal plants were exposed to different salt concentrations under pot cultivation to evaluate their salinity tolerance by determing the germination rate， leaf water content and proline content，dry matter accumulation at seedling stage and calculating the membership function value of salt-tolerance index. The results showed that Rheum palmalum L.， Perilla frutescens，Mentha haplocalyx and Cassia obtusifolia L. belonged to salt-tolerant medicinal plants， so they could be grown in or under moderate saline land.Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.，Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.） Beg. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi had certain salt tolerance and could be grown in moderate or low-level saline land.Viola philippica Car，Leonurus artemisia （Lour.） S.Y. Hu，Taraxacum momgolicum Hand.-Mazz，Belamcanda chinensis（L.）DC.，Isatis indigotica Fort.，Saposhnikovia divaricata （Turcz.） Schischk. and Salviae miltiorrhizae Bge.had moderate sensitivity to salt stress， so they could be grown in low-level saline land. Sophora flavescens， Celosia cristata and Coix lacryma-jobi L.var. mayuen （Roman） Stapf had lower sensitivity to salt tolerance and could be grown in low-level saline land.Cynanchi paniculati， Dianthus chinensis L. and Achyranthis bidentatae BL. were the most sensitive to salt tolerance， so they were not favorable for cultivation in saline land.The results of this study could provide theoretical references for increasing the use rate of saline lands and alleviating the pressure of farmland resources.

Keywords Medicinal plant； Salinity stress； Salt tolerance； Membership function evaluation

山東省黄河三角洲有100多万公顷盐渍土，其中有66.7万公顷尚未利用。从全国范围看，盐碱化和次生盐碱化也存在加重趋势[1，2]。筛选耐盐植物用以在盐渍化土壤种植是充分利用该类土地经济可行又高效的措施，而植物的耐盐性存在着明显的种间差异[3-5]。

随着青蒿素等一系列天然有效成分利用的增加，药用植物在国内、国际市场的需求不断扩大，而中药材种植规模扩大必将与粮油等农作物种植存在耕地竞争。为缓解药用植物与其它作物争地的矛盾，可从药用植物中筛选出耐盐种类，利用轻度甚至中度以下盐渍化土壤扩大中药材种植面积，发展中药种植产业，这符合我国“不与粮争地、不与人争粮”发展非粮农业的导向[6，7]。……