李鹏+张兆沛+郁飞燕+高晓凯+张联合

摘要：以小麦品种Soissons为试验材料，探讨灌浆期钙在籽粒中的累积特性以及籽粒与旗叶叶片、旗叶叶鞘、穗下节和节间、穗轴和颖壳中钙含量的相关性。结果显示，随着灌浆时间延长，籽粒钙含量和钙累积速率逐渐降低，籽粒钙总量逐渐提高。相关分析显示，籽粒钙含量与叶片、叶鞘、穗下节和节间、穗轴和颖壳中的钙含量呈负相关。随着灌浆时间延长，节间、穗轴和颖壳钙含量呈现不同程度的提高，而叶片和叶鞘钙含量基本保持不变，表明叶片和叶鞘钙并不能向籽粒中转运，籽粒钙主要来自根系的转运。

关键词：小麦；灌浆期；籽粒；钙累积；动态变化

中图分类号：S512.101 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）08-0030-03

Abstract The physiological characteristics of calcium （Ca） accumulation in wheat grains and correlations between Ca concentrations in grains and that in flag leaf blades， flag leaf sheaths， peduncles，internodes， spike-stalks and glumes were investigated in this study. The results showed that the Ca concentration and Ca accumulation rate in grains decreased gradually， while the total Ca in grains increased with the extension of filling time. Correlation analysis revealed that the Ca concentration in grains negatively correlated with that in leaves， leaf sheaths， peduncles， internodes， spike-stalks， and glumes. With the extension of filling time， the Ca concentration in internodes，spike-stalks and glumes increased differently， while that in leaf blades and leaf sheaths did not change. The results indicated that Ca in leaf blades and leaf sheaths could not be transported into grains， and the Ca in grains was mainly transported from roots.

Keywords Wheat； Filling stage； Grain； Calcium accumulation； Dynamic change

钙是植物生长发育的必需营养元素，对植物的整个生长发育起着重要作用。钙在细胞中的分布为细胞壁﹥核糖体及细胞内可溶物﹥质体（或叶绿体）﹥线粒体﹥细胞核[1]。当植物缺钙时，会表现出生长受阻、节间较短、植株矮小、组织柔软等现象。Ca2+是植物细胞中的重要信使，参与植物对许多逆境信号的转导[2]。研究显示，钙能缓解逆境胁迫对植物的危害，可以促进干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗的生长[3]，能够增强水稻植株的活性氧清除能力和耐盐能力[4]，能增强拟南芥的抗离子渗透和氧化等胁迫的能力[5]，能明显缓解重金属对小白菜的毒害作用[6]，能缓解铅对玉米幼苗的毒害作用[7]。Ca2+可通过离子间的相互拮抗作用抑制香菇对铅、镉、砷、汞4种重金属的富集，增加在重金属胁迫下香菇菌丝体的生物量[8]。……