樊丛照 徐建国 李亚伟 李晓瑾

[摘要]該研究通过分析多途径来源的新疆桑属植物及药材样本的ITS2，psbAtrnH序列，为药材分子鉴定提供依据。以51个新疆桑属植物及药材为样本，对其ITS2，psbAtrnH序列进行PCR扩增和测序，用MEGA 60计算其种内、种间Kimura 2parameter（K2P）距离，分析变异位点，并构建NJ鉴别树。ITS2序列分析结果显示，桑Morus alba、鞑靼桑M alba var tatarica、黑桑M nigra种内无变异；桑与鞑靼桑种间无变异；桑与黑桑种间存在13个变异位点，种间平均KP2遗传距离为004；桑与药材样本间无信息变异位点，NJ鉴别树可将桑及鞑靼桑与黑桑区分。psbAtrnH序列分析结果显示，桑与黑桑种内各有1个变异位点，3种植物种间存在插入/缺失变异，可相互区分；种间变异与药材样本内变异一致。因此，ITS2序列可将来源于桑、鞑靼桑的药材样本与黑桑区分，psbAtrnH序列可将来源于三者的药材样本区分，为维吾尔药材真伪鉴别及市场监管提供依据。

[关键词]维吾尔药； 桑； DNA条形码； ITS2； psbAtrnH

Identification of origin plant of Uygur medicine mulberry

based on DNA barcode

FAN Congzhao1， XU Jianguo1， LI Yawei2， LI Xiaojin1*

（1Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnical Materia State Administration of Traditional Chinese

Medicine， Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Resources， Urumqi 830002， China；

2 Testing Center of Xinjiang Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Portal， Urumqi 830063， China）

[Abstract]To provide molecular evidence for medical material identification， we analyzed the nucleotide sequence of ITS2， psbAtrnH gene in Morus genus plants and commercial products which were obtained from different places in Xinjiang The sequence of ITS2 and psbAtrnH in fiftyone samples were amplified and sequenced， MEGA 60 was used to analyze the intra and interspecific K2P distances， neighborjoining （NJ） tree was used to constructing clustering tree ITS2 sequence analyzed results showed that there is no intraspecific variation among Morus alba， M alba var tatarica and M nigra， but 13 variations sites were exist between M alba and M nigra and their interspecific K2P distances was 004， which indicated that there had significant variation in them We didn′t find informative variation sites between Morus genus plants and commercial products， and we also found that M nigra can be distinguished from other two species by NJ Tree PsbAtrnH analysis results showed there was only one variation site between M alba and M nigra， but insertion or deletion variation were remarkable evidence among M alba， M alba var tatarica and M Nigra Interspecific variation was accordance with intraspecific variation of commercial products So ITS2 and psbAtrnH gene were important marker for M alba， M alba var tatarica and M nigra identification This study provided important evidence for Uygur medicine identification and market supervision

[Key words]Uygur medicine； mulberry； DNA barcode； ITS2； psbAtrnHendprint

与汉民族“前不栽桑，后不栽柳”的习俗不同，维吾尔族民居具有庭院中栽种桑树的传统[1]，新疆桑树种质资源丰富，不同产地性状存在差异，种和品种之间的划分界限模糊不清。新疆民间通常以桑椹的颜色或桑花的性别为依据，把桑树分为黑桑、白桑、粉桑及公桑、药桑5个类型[2]，《新疆植物志》将其分为白桑Morus alba、黑桑M nigra及变种鞑靼桑M alba var tatarica[3]。桑属植物具有重要的药用价值，《中国药典》及《新疆维吾尔自治区中药维吾尔药饮片炮制规范》均收载桑M alba为基原植物[45]，其药性为一级湿热，主治干寒性或黑胆质性疾病，黑桑虽未载入质量标准，亦作为维吾尔常用药材使用，但其药性为一级干二级寒，主治热性或血液质性和胆液质性疾病，药性与功能均与白桑存在一定的差异[67]，因此二者不能混用。……