王飞鹏+白卫国

摘 要：为农村老人提供可及的基本养老服务是农村养老保障体系建设的基本目标和重要标准。在现实中，农村老人基本养老服务供给和基本养老服务体系建设远滞后于需求。现有研究主要从产业分工到养老服务供给与需求的角度给予分析，但缺乏从可及性角度展开深入研究。本文以中国农村基本养老服务实际状况为基础，融合可及性内涵，借鉴“需求”和“供给”的分类，参考“匹配”的思路，形成可及性内容，应用层次分析法和可及性分析展开研究，并以此对山东省17个地级市农村调研数据进行分析。研究表明，目前农村老人以居家养老为主，疾病支出已成为农村老人的主要负担，其基本养老服务可及性总体较低，且地区差异较大。为此，应加强城乡基本养老服务均等化建设，在缩小地区和城乡差距的同时，进一步加大农村养老服务体系和服务能力建设，尤其要建立健全农村老人养老的家庭支持与社会支持的平衡机制，为农村老人提供可及的基本养老服务。

关键词：可及性；养老服务；农村老人；层次分析法

中图分类号：F323.89 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4149（2017）04-0054-09

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2017.04.006

Research on the Accessibility of Rural Basic Pension Services：

Based on 17 Cities of Shandong Province Survey Data

WANG Feipeng1，BAI Weiguo2

（1.School of Business Administration， Shandong Institute of Business and Technology， Yantai

264005， China； 2. Green World Low-Carbon Economy﹠Technology Center， Beijing 100053， China）

Abstract：It is the basic goal and important standard of the rural old-age security system to provide the basic old-age service for the rural elderly. In reality， the basic old-age service supply and the basic pension service system of rural elderly are far behind the demand. The existing research has been analyzed from the industrial division of labor to the supply of the basic old-age services and demand.

Based on the 17 cities survey data in Shandong province， this paper analysis the accessibility of rural basic pension， using the analytic hierarchy process and the accessibility analysis.

The results show that at present， the elderly in rural areas are mainly depend on home care， the expenditure of disease has become the main burden of the elderly in rural areas， and the basic pension services are generally low， and the regional differences are large. Therefore， we should strengthen the construction of urban and rural equalization of basic pension services， to narrow the regional and urban-rural gap at the same time， to further increase the rural old-age service system and capacity building， especially to establish and improve the rural elderly pension family support and social support mechanism， and provide basic care services for the elderly in rural areas.

Keywords：accessibility； service for the aged； rural residents； analytic hierarchy process

一、引言

2015年中國60岁及以上的老年人口数量达2.22亿（占总人口比例为16.1%），65岁及以上的老年人口数为1.44亿（占比10.5%）[1]。预计到2050年中国将有35%的人口超过60岁[2]，

人口老龄化带来如何养老的严峻问题，在农村尤为突出。一方面，农村虽然生育率高于城市，但人口基数大，加上在工业化和城镇化进程中的大批农村剩余劳动力向城镇转移，使得农村人口老龄化程度更为明显。……