高峰还是高原?
2017-09-09董克用张栋
董克用+张栋



摘 要:人口老龄化发展趋势的形态决定着整个经济社会政策应对的策略选择。目前关于中国人口老龄化趋势发展形态研究的一个主要观点是中国将在21世纪50年代前后达到人口老龄化高峰,这一概念无法准确表述中国人口老龄化发展趋势的真实形态。中国人口老龄化确实将在21世纪50年代前后达到最严重的时期,但并不会在此之后发生逆转,而是将长期持续下去,因此中国人口老龄化从长期来看将进入老龄化高原时期。这一判断决定了人口老龄化对中国养老金体系的影响是长期的,必须用战略眼光重构中国三支柱的养老金体系,并辅之以参量改革,以应对人口老龄化的长期影响。
关键词:人口老龄化;高原;高峰;养老金体系;三支柱
中图分类号:F840.67 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4149(2017)04-0043-11
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2017.04.005
Peak or Plateau? :The Trend of Population Ageing and Rethinking of Its Influences on
the Pension System in China
DONG Keyong, ZHANG Dong
(School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)
Abstract:The shape of the trend of population ageing determines the strategy selection of the whole economic and social policy. At present, one of the main opinions of population ageing trend is that the population ageing will arrive at a peak in about 2050s in China. However, this concept cannot express the real shape of the population ageing trend of China. Actually, the population ageing in China is going to be the most serious period in 2050s, but it cannot reverse after that. The high-level population ageing will last during the end of the 21 century, and population ageing plateau maybe a better concept. This judgement determines that the influences of population ageing on the pension system will be long-range. In order to deal with the challenge of population ageing, China should reconstruct the three-pillars pension system through strategic point of view and do some parameter reform at the same time.
Keywords:population ageing; plateau; peak; pension system; three-pillars
一、引言:老齡化是高峰还是高原的判断决定应对策略的不同选择
人口老龄化是当今世界人口发展的重要趋势,这种人口年龄结构的变化正广泛而深刻地影响着人类社会生活的各个方面,日益成为世界各国关注的重大人口问题。我国作为目前世界上最大的发展中国家,在经济发展水平相对较低的背景下迎来了人口老龄化,这在当前以及今后很长一段时间里将对我国经济和社会发展产生深远影响。
我国有关人口老龄化的研究可以追溯到20世纪末,真正引起学者们的关注则是在2000年我国进入人口老龄化社会之后。这一阶段,关于人口老龄化的研究内容丰富,涵盖了人口老龄化的现状、成因的分析,人口老龄化的趋势预测以及人口老龄化的经济社会影响等,这些研究直接影响了诸多经济社会政策的改革。……
