弹载环境时间延迟对传递对准影响及估计方法
2017-09-08芦佳振罗秋伟谢莉莉
芦佳振+罗秋伟+谢莉莉



摘 要: 弹载惯组传递对准过程中基准信息时延会制约对准性能的提高。基于常用的速度/姿态匹配模式,建立含时间延迟模型的观测方程,并提出时间延迟闭环滤波估计方法。分别从匹配信息精度、对准精度、惯性器件误差估计等方面分析时间延迟的影响情况。仿真结果表明,时间延迟会引起对准误差振荡,引起器件零偏、标度误差的有偏估计,通过闭环滤波方法可以准确估计时间延迟误差,同时能有效抑制时间延迟对传递对准及惯性器件误差估计精度的影响。
关键词: 时间延迟; 传递对准; 姿态匹配; 卡尔曼滤波
中图分类号: TN96?34; U666.1 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2017)17?0001?06
Effect of time delay on transfer alignment in missile?borne environment
and its estimation method
LU Jiazhen, LUO Qiuwei, XIE Lili
(School of Instrumentation Science and Opto?electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China)
Abstract: The improvement of alignment performance is restrained by time delay of reference information in the transfer alignment process of missile?borne inertial measurement unit. On the basis of the commonly?used velocity/attitude matching mode, the observation equation including time delay model was established, and a closed?loop filtering estimation method for time delay is proposed. The effects of time delay on error estimation of inertial device, matching information accuracy and alignment accuracy are analyzed respectively. The simulation results show that the time delay can induce the oscillation of alignment error, device zero offset, and biased estimation of scale error; the closed?loop filtering method can estimate the error of time delay accurately, and restrain the effect of time delay on error estimation accuracy of inertial device and transfer alignment effectively.
Keywords: time delay; transfer alignment; attitude matching; Kalman filtering
0 引 言
传递对准的原理是应用较高精度的基准信息(一般由较高精度的母惯组提供)对低精度子惯组进行校准[1?5]。传递对准技术可实现的功能一般包括三个方面:一是实现子惯组的空中对准;二是实现子惯组主要误差项的在线标定;三是对辅助参数进行估计,例如杆臂参数[6]、随机动态挠曲模型参数[7]、时间延迟参数[8]等。
传递对准实现过程中,基准信息由于数据传输处理、时钟不同步及漂移等因素存在时间延迟[9]。较大的时间延迟会对传递对准性能造成不可忽略的影响,必须采取措施加以补偿并校正。时间延迟误差实时处理方法一般有三种[10]:
(1) 卡尔曼滤波处理方法,在误差状态方程及量测方程中添加与时间延迟有关的状态变量,通过状态估计与误差补偿实现时间延迟误差的校正;……
