福建闽西地区颈寰椎同侧弓状孔和椎动脉高跨的发生率及其临床意义
2017-09-07吴益奇黄春辉卢海川卢照应
吴益奇+黄春辉+卢海川+卢照应
[摘要] 目的 研究闽西地区颈寰椎弓状孔和椎动脉高跨这种解剖结构变异的发生率。 方法 方便选取福建省龙岩市第一医院2005年1月—2016年12月年收治的98例颈椎病患者,使用薄层CT扫描及二维重建来判断寰椎的变异情况。其中包括判定寰椎弓状孔的位置:左侧、右侧或是双侧出现,同时测量枢椎侧块峡部的厚度以及高度。当峡部厚度<5 mm或是高度<2 mm时,称之为椎动脉高跨。 结果98例患者中,15例患者具有完全成形的弧形孔。其中,7例患者为左侧,3例为右侧,5例为双侧出现。此外,有23例患者形成寰椎弓状孔未闭。32例患者被确定为椎动脉高跨。其中,有13例为左侧,9例为右侧,10例为双侧。他们之中有5例患者出现一侧同时发生寰椎弓状孔及椎动脉高跨。结论 寰椎弓状孔和椎动脉高跨这种解剖结构的变异普遍存在于闽西地区,但往往容易被忽略。尽管同侧同时出现寰椎弓状孔和椎动脉高跨的变异非常罕见,但术前CT辅助诊断能够减少寰枢椎内固定术中椎动脉的损伤发生率。
[关键词] 寰椎弓状孔;椎动脉高跨;寰枢椎内固定;椎动脉损伤
[中图分类号] R445 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)06(b)-0087-03
[Abstract] Objective To research the incidence rate of anatomic structure variation of ipsilateral arcuate foramen of atlas and vertebral artery high span. Methods 98 cases of patients with cervical spondylosis admitted and treated in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2016 were convenient selected and the variation of atlas was determined by the thin slice CT scan and two dimensional reconstruction, including the determination of atlas ipsilateral arcuate foramen size and measurement of thickness and height, when the isthmus thickness < 5 mm or height < 2 mm, we referred it as the vertebral artery high span. Results Of 98 cases of patients, 15 cases were with fully formed camber hole, including 7 cases in left site, 3 cases in right site and 5 cases in bilateral site, besides, there were 23 cases with unclosed ipsilateral arcuate foramen, 32 cases were with vertebral artery high span, including 13 cases in left site, 9 cases in right site and 10 cases in bilateral site, and 5 cases were with ipsilateral arcuate foramen of atlas and vertebral artery high span. Conclusion The variation of this anatomy structure of ipsilateral arcuate foramen of atlas and vertebral artery high span is commonly in west Fujian region, but it is usually ignored, and the variation of ipsilateral arcuate foramen of atlas and vertebral artery high span in the same site is very rare, but the preoperative CT adjunctive diagnosis can reduce the incidence rate of vertebral artery injuries in the atlantoaxial internal fixation.
[Key words] Ipsilateral arcuate foramen; Vertebral artery high span; Atlantoaxial internal fixation; Vertebral artery injury
椎動脉在枢椎上关节突的下方有一个向外的弯曲,寰枢经关节突螺钉在打入的过程中必须经过枢椎峡部,而该部恰好位于椎动脉弯曲处的上后方或内后方,如果椎动脉弯曲过于向后、内或位置过高,则提示枢椎峡部狭窄,这种情况称为椎动脉高位骑跨[1]。目前,已有大多数学者致力于椎动脉相关解剖结构变异的研究,既往有文献报道在中国国人中椎动脉高骑跨及寰椎弓状孔的发生率,但对于局部地区的发生率以及两种变异同时存在的这种情况鲜有报道[2-3]。所以,该文想探讨福建闽西地区三甲医2005年1月—2016年12月收治的98例颈椎病患者中椎动脉高位骑跨以及寰椎弓状孔的发生率,以及这种解剖结构的变异对临床治疗中的影响,现报道如下。endprint
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
方便选取闽西地区三甲医收治的98例颈椎病患者,其中47例女性,51例男性。平均年龄47.1岁(16~92岁)。其中包括外伤性38例,颈椎病48例,合并其他相关系统疾病12例。……
