魏存平+余红玲

[摘要] 目的 研究并探讨献血者初筛检验在血站血液检测中的重要性。 方法 选取2015年1月～2016年12月期间在本站接受献血的1000例无偿献血者作为研究对象，采取数字抽签随机分组法将无偿献血者分为两组，每组500例，采集血液前，对照组接受常规血液项目检测（血型、乙肝表面抗原、转氨酶、血红蛋白、梅毒抗体等），观察组在常规血液项目检测基础上进行丙氨酸氨基转移酶初筛检验，比较两组无偿献血者血液标本的报废情况，分析报废血液标本的人群分布特点。在观察组无偿献血者的血液标本中选取已知丙氨酸氨基转移酶阳性和已知丙氨酸氨基转移酶阴性血液标本各50份，对血液标本进行丙氨酸氨基转移酶快速检测、实验室检测，比较不同检测方法下血液标本中的丙氨酸氨基转移酶检出水平。 结果 相比于对照组，观察组血液标本的报廢率明显降低（P<0.05）。报废血液标本多见于男性，其年龄段主要为30～49岁。已知丙氨酸氨基转移酶阳性血液标本、已知丙氨酸氨基转移酶阴性血液标本接受ALT快速检测、实验室检测得到的丙氨酸氨基转移酶检出水平比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 在献血者采血前实施丙氨酸氨基转移酶初筛检验，可有效减少血站血液样本的报废，有效提高血液检测的可靠性，有利于确保临床输血的安全性，同时，还应加强对献血者进行健康宣教，尤其是血液报废高危人群。

[关键词] 血站；血液检测；献血；初筛；丙氨酸氨基转移酶

[中图分类号] R446.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616（2017）13-110-04

[Abstract] Objective To study and explore the importance of blood donor screening test in blood examination of blood station. Methods 1000 cases of voluntary blood donors from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected as the research object. They were randomly divided into two groups， according to digital lottery random grouping method， 500 cases in each. Before blood collection， donors in control group received the routine blood test （HBsAg， aminotransferase， hemoglobin， syphilis antibodies）， donors in observation group received alanine aminotransferase primary screening test on the basis of routine blood detection. Abandonment of blood samples of unpaid blood donors of the two groups was compared. The distribution characteristics of discarded blood samples were analyzed. In the observation group， blood samples from unpaid blood donors were selected， each with 50 copies of the positive alanine aminotransferase positive and the known alanine aminotransferase negative blood samples. Rapid detection and laboratory detection of alanine aminotransferase in blood samples were carried on. The levels of alanine aminotransferase in blood samples were compared. Results Compared with the control group， the rejection rate in the observation group was significantly lower （P<0.05）. The discarded blood samples were mostly found in males， whose age was mainly 30-49 years old. There was no significant difference between alanine aminotransferase positive blood samples and alanine aminotransferase negative blood samples which were detected by alanine aminotransferase rapid test and alanine aminotransferase detection in laboratory test （P>0.05）. Conclusion The implementation of alanine aminotransferase screening test in blood donors before blood sampling can effectively reduce the scrap of blood samples， effectively improve the reliability of a blood test， ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion. At the same time， we should strengthen the health education on blood donors， especially blood discarding in high-risk population.

[Key words] Blood bank； Blood test； Bood donation； Screening； Alanine aminotransferase

无偿献血者进行献血前，需对其血液安全性进行分析，确保无偿献血者的血液未受到输血性传染病的影响，有利于确保临床输血的安全性，减少因献血者血液污染而造成的输血不良事件[1-2]。……