肖胜

摘要[目的]研究不同种类解钾菌对烟叶化学成分及经济性状的影响。[方法]以烤烟品种云烟97为材料，通过田间试验研究了不同种类解钾菌对不同部位烟叶农艺性状、烟碱含量、总氮含量、总糖含量、还原糖含量、钾含量、氯含量、主要化学成分比值、经济性状的影响。[结果]施用B类解钾菌有利于提高烟株的植物学性状和SPAD值，各项化学成分较为协调，且其均价、产值等经济指标表现也优于其他处理，整体烟叶质量有一定的提升。[结论]B类解钾菌较为适宜在武隆烟区施用。

关键词 烟叶； 解钾菌；化学成分；经济性状

中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）03-0046-03

Abstract[Objective] To research the effects of applying different types of silicate bacteria on the economic characters and chemical components of different parts of tobacco leaves.[Method] With fluecured tobacco variety Yunyan 97 as the research material，field experiment was carried out to research the effects of applying different types of silicate bacteria on the agronomic characters，nicotine content，total nitrogen content，total sugar content，reducing sugar cotnent，potassium content，chlorine content，major chemical component ratio and economic characters of different parts of tobacco leaves.[Result] Applying silicate bacteria class B was conductive to improve the botanical characters and SPAD value of tobacco plants；the chemical components were more harmonious；the average price，output value and other economic indicators were superior to those in other treatments；the overall quality of tobacco leaves were improved in certain degree.[Conclusion] Silicate bacteria class B is more appropriately to be applied in Wulong Tobacco Area.

Key words Fluecured tobacco；Silicate bacteria；Chemical components；Economic characters

鉀是烤烟生长必需的营养元素之一[1]，对烟株的物质代谢和能量代谢有重要影响，增施钾肥和提高土壤中钾的有效性是提高烟叶钾含量的有效途径[2-3]。然而，我国钾肥资源较匮乏，且单纯增施钾肥并不能提高烟叶中的钾含量[4]。目前，硅酸盐细菌，即解钾菌能够有效地将土壤中的固定态钾分解，转化为作物可以直接吸收利用的有效钾[5]。笔者在大田条件下，研究了不同种类的解钾菌对不同部位烟叶化学成分及经济性状的影响，筛选出一种效果较好的解钾菌，旨在为今后的推广工作提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验地概况

试验于2015年在重庆武隆县六棱村科研试验基地进行。试验地海拔为1 026 m，土壤质地为黄壤土，地势平坦，肥力中等，土壤pH 5.52，碱解氮258.74 mg/kg，有效磷为24.41 mg/kg，有效钾267.25 mg/kg，有机质含量22.15 g/kg，灌溉排水便利。

1.2 试验设计 试验设4个处理：T1为对照；……