刘丹，巩前文

（1.北京林业大学，a.人文社会科学学院，b.绿色发展与中国农村土地问题研究中心，北京 100083）

农地流转中“去粮化”行为对国家粮食安全的影响及治理对策

刘丹1a，巩前文1b

（1.北京林业大学，a.人文社会科学学院，b.绿色发展与中国农村土地问题研究中心，北京 100083）

农地流转是实现农业资源优化配置，提高农业劳动生产效率，加速农业现代化发展的必由之路。但是，农地流转中“去粮化”行为对国家粮食安全造成严重影响。本文通过对国内农地流转政策演变、基本态势以及流转中出现的“去粮化”行为动因分析发现：农地流转中“去粮化”行为对我国粮食产量、耕地质量以及农民种粮积极性影响较大。为规避农地流转中“去粮化”行为发生、保障国家粮食安全建设，建议农地优先流转给种粮大户和粮食加工企业、建立农地流转费用指导标准、规避农地流转政府强制行为、加强对农地使用用途监管和完善流转农地种粮低收益补贴等。

农地流转；去粮化；粮食安全；影响；对策

Abstract：Rural land transfer is the only way leading to the optimized allocation of agricultural resources, the improved effciency of agricultural labor production, and the accelerated agricultural modernization. However, “degraining” trend, occurred during rural land transfer, has a negative impact on national grain security. By analyzing the evolution of rural land transfer policy, its basic situation and the causes of “de-graining”, this paper found that “degraining” infuences grain yield, the quality of cultivated land, and farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grains. Therefore, to avoid de-graining and ensure national grain security, this paper provides the following suggestions: to give large grain producers and grain processors the priority to take more arable land, to establish guiding standard for land transfer fees, to avoid government enforcement during land transfer, to strengthen the supervision of agricultural land usage, and to increase subsidy for those grain producers with low returns.

Key words：farm land transfer; de-graining; grain security; infuences; suggestions

粮食安全自古以来就是社会稳定、经济发展的战略保障，《汉书》中就有“王者以民为天，而民以食为天”的记载。党中央、国务院也一直将粮食安全工作摆在突出位置。当前，我国粮食生产实现“十二连增”，粮食增产与粮食播种面积增加呈现同向关系。这意味着在未进行重大技术变革的情况下，粮食产量持续增长必须保证一定的粮食生产用地。党的十七届三中全会提出“加强土地承包经营权流转管理和服务，建立健全土地承包经营权市场，按照依法自愿原则，允许农户以转包、出租、互换、转让、股份合作等形式流转土地承包经营权，发展多种形式的适度规模经营。……