张一中+周福平+张晓娟+梁笃+郭琦+赵文博+柳青山+杜维俊

摘 要：为了筛选、发掘优质高粱种质资源，给高粱遗传改良与品质育种提供依据，利用近红外谷物分析仪对90份高粱种质资源的蛋白质和单宁含量进行检测并聚类分析。结果表明：不同高粱种质资源的蛋白质和单宁含量差异较大，平均含量分别为10.75%，0.58%，变异系数分别为15.86%，66.33%；高粱籽粒蛋白质含量与单宁含量呈极显著负相关（r=-0.276），单宁含量与粒色呈极显著正相关（r=0.643）；在欧氏距离为1.30时可将90份高粱材料划分为5大类群，其中第I类群材料蛋白质含量最高、单宁含量最低，可作为优良亲本在饲料高粱新品种选育中加以利用。

关键词：高粱；蛋白质含量；单宁含量；聚类分析；粒色

中图分类号：S514 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.08.003

Abstract： In order to screen and excavate excellent sorghum germplasm resources，and provide useful information for the genetic improvement and quality breeding of sorghum， the protein and tannin content of 90 sorghum germplasm resources seed were determined，with near infrared grain analyzer and clustering analysis. The results showed that there was great difference in quality characters on sorghum seed，the contents of protein and tannin were 10.75%，0.58% in average respectively，the coefficient of variance （CV） was 15.86% for the protein content and 66.33% for the tannin content. The relationship between the content of protein of seed and the content of tannin of seed was significantly negative correlation（r=-0.276）. But the relationship between the tannin of protein of seed and seed color was significantly positive correlation（r=0.643）. All sorghum materials were clustered into 5 groups in the Euclidean distance at 1.30. The protein content of category I was the highest，and the tannin content was the lowest. These resources were used for new variety breeding in forage sorghum.

Key words： sorghum；protein content；tannin content；cluster analysis；seed color

近年來，随着我国高粱的进口量急速增长，高粱作为一种较为新型的饲用原料，正逐渐受到饲料加工企业的重视和利用[1-2]。高粱籽粒的品质性状，特别是蛋白质含量和单宁含量对其用途有着很大的影响[3]。研究表明[4-5]，我国高粱的粗蛋白含量略高于玉米，但在必需氨基酸组成中，赖氨酸含量显著低于玉米；另外，高粱中含有单宁，单宁可以与蛋白质、糖类和金属离子结合形成难以消化吸收的复合物，并且还会抑制一些消化酶的活性，影响蛋白质的消化吸收[6-8]。高士杰等[9]认为，利用高粱作饲料，在育种上要改良高粱品质，增加蛋白质，提高赖氨酸含量，降低单宁含量，提高消化率。王志广等[10]对来自我国21个省区的高粱代表品种进行了品质性状研究，筛选出蛋白质含量大于13.5%的品种86个，单宁含量低于0.1%的品种59个。……