部义峰++杜蕾++李双林

摘 要：了解中學生逃避体育锻炼行为现状，构建并检验中学生逃避体育锻炼行为理论模型，以480名中学生为研究对象，对中学生逃避体育行为现状进行分析，通过分层回归、结构方程模型等方法对自主支持、自主动机、计划行为、自我效能、逃避意图与逃避行为的关系进行研究。结果发现，体育活动等级低于19分的学生占52.10%，逃避体育锻炼行为者中女生占56.40%，高于男生；逃避体育锻炼行为者的自主支持、相对自主动机指数、计划行为变量、自我效能感均低于坚持者，而逃避意图与逃避行为均高于坚持者；上述变量均能显著预测逃避意图与逃避行为，其中主观规范与主观行为控制感2个变量对逃避意图的影响最大；建立的逃避行为路径模型分别能够解释逃避意图的40%（男）和37%（女），能够解释逃避行为的9%（男）和14%（女），多群组分析表明模型不存在性别差异。结果说明：中学生群体存在较为严重的逃避体育锻炼行为，逃避群体中女性比例高于男性，建立的模型能够在一定程度上解释中学生逃避体育锻炼行为的成因。

关 键 词：学校体育；逃避锻炼行为；PMTP模型；中学生；中国

中图分类号：G804.8 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2017）04-0120-08

A study of middle school students physical exercise evading behavior and

its affecting mechanism

BU Yi-feng，DU Lei，LI Shuang-lin

（School of Physical Education，Jiangsu Normal University，Xuzhou 221116，China）

Abstract： In order to gain an insight into the current situation of middle school students physical exercise evading behavior， the authors established and tested a theoretical model of middle school students physical exercise evading behavior， selected 480 middle school students as their research subjects， analyzed the current situation of middle school students physical exercise evading behavior， and studied the relationships between autonomous support， autonomous motive， planning behavior， self efficiency， evading intention and evading behavior by applying methods such as hierarchical regression and structural equation model， and revealed the following findings： the students with a physical activity rating lower than 19 points took a percentage of 52.10%， among physical exercise evaders， the female students took a percentage of 56.40%， which was higher the male students； the autonomous support， relative autonomous motive index， planning behavior variable， and sense of self efficiency of physical exercise evaders were all lower than those of physical exercise doers， while their evading intention and evading behavior were all higher than those of the doers； all the said variables can significantly predict evading intension and evading behavior， in which such 2 variables as subjective norm and sense of subjective behavior control had the greatest effects on evading intention； the established evading behavior path model can respectively explain 40% （male） and 37% （female） of evading intention， as well as 9% （male） and 14% （female） of evading behavior， multi-group analysis indicates that the model does not have gender difference. The said findings indicate the followings： middle school students have a quite serious physical exercise evading behavior； among the evaders， females percentage is higher than males； the established model can explain the causes for middle school students physical exercise evading behavior to a certain extent.

Key words： school physical education；exercise evading behavior；PMTP model；middle school student；China

青少年体质持续下降问题一直困扰我国社会的发展，影响青少年参与体育锻炼的原因具有多元性，既有宏观的社会因素，又有中观的学校、家庭因素，還有微观的个体因素，但无论哪一层面因素，其影响路径都从宏观层面指向微观层面，表现为宏观与中观因素的综合通过个体的参与动机影响参与意图，继而影响参与行为，或者作为其中的中介变量或第三变量存在。……