李强++蒋新国++蒋辉

摘 要：根据2015年广州中医药大学、广东医科大学、广东石油化工学院、肇庆学院、惠州学院5所广东高校51 967名学生体质健康测试的数据，运用基尼系数探讨地区、城乡、年级之间学生体质健康的差异性，运用因子分析对学生体质健康进行了综合评价。结果表明：对于体质健康差距，地区之间较大，城乡之间较小，年级之间最小；对于体质健康水平，珠三角地区高于其它地区，城市高于农村，大二高于大一，大二到大四呈下降趋势，女生高于男生；大学生体质健康差异形成的原因主要在大学之前的中小学阶段，与中小学的教育公平有关。

关 键 词：学校体育；体质健康；大学生；基尼系数；因子分析；广东

中图分类号：G807 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2017）04-0106-05

A comparison of the physical health of university students in Guangdong

——Measurement based on Gini coefficient and factor analysis

LI Qiang1，JIANG Xin-guo1，JIANG Hui2

（1.School of Physical Education，Huizhou University，Huizhou 516007，China；

2.School of Information Science and Technology，Huizhou 516007，China）

Abstract： Based on the physical health test data of 51 967 students at such 5 universities in Guangdong as Guangdong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Guangdong Medical University， Guangdong University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology， Zhaoqing University and Huizhou University in 2015， the authors probed into the physical health differences between the students of different regions， urban and rural areas and different grades by using Gini coefficient， carried out a comprehensive evaluation on the students physical health by applying factor analysis， and revealed the following findings： in terms of physical health difference， it was bigger between regions， smaller between urban and rural areas， the smallest between grades； in terms of physical health level， the Pearl River Delta region was higher than other regions， the urban areas was higher than the rural areas， the freshmen were lower than the sophomores， it showed a trend of declining from the sophomores to the seniors， the female students were higher the male students； the physical health differences of the university students were formed at elementary and middle school age stages before university， related to the education fairness at elementary and middle school stages of basic education.

Key words： school physical education；physical health；university students；Gini coefficient；factor analysis；Guangdong

體质健康测试结果已经成为衡量学生体质健康水平的重要指标，成为了各种体育运动或心理干预对促进学生体质健康水平效果大小的衡量标准[1-3]。目前，对体质健康水平的现状评价和差异程度的研究也颇多。对体质健康水平现状评价的研究，一般是对高校学生的体质健康测试的各项指标进行简单统计，同时采用国家标准规定的权重对指标赋权加总得到测试总分，并与全国大学生体质健康平均水平作比较来评价体质健康水平，再者就是根据多年来的测试数据，分析其变化历程[4-7]。对体质健康水平差异程度的研究，一般是根据测试数据分析不同类别（专业、年级、城乡等）学生体质健康水平的差异程度，常用方差分析和T检验等检验方法[8]。……