张银行++郭志禹

摘 要：明代东南海疆抗倭战争对所关涉的区域武术发展产生了深远影响，其中，对福建武术的影响更甚。研究显示：抗倭战争涌现了俞大猷、戚继光等军事家、武术家，其武艺、兵制思想、传世著作直接或间接促进了福建武术的成熟和跨地域、跨文化传扬；基于有效制倭的需要，闽人对当地武艺的“选择性”传习和对其他地方武艺的吸收，丰富了福建武术的内容体系；几乎全民参战的民间御倭自组织使本地尚武风气得以传扬。

关 键 词：体育史；区域武术；抗倭战争；福建；明代

中图分类号：G852 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2017）04-0015-07

The Anti-Wo War in the Ming dynasty and Wushu development in Fujian

ZHANG Yin-hang1，GUO Zhi-yu2

（1.School of Physical Education，Yangzhou University，Yangzhou 225127，China；

2.School of Wushu，Shanghai University of Sport，Shanghai 200438，China）

Abstract： The Anti-Wo War breaking out on southeast seashores in the Ming dynasty had profound influence on Wushu development in the involved coastal regions； its influence on Wushu in Fujian therein was even more profound. This research reveals the followings： in the Anti-Wo War there emerged military experts and Wushu experts such as YU Da-you and QI Ji-guang， their martial arts， thoughts about military systems and works passed on had directly or indirectly boosted the maturity and transregional and transcultural spreading of Wushu in Fujian； based on the need for effectively restraining Wo， the Fujian peoples “selective” inheritance of local martial arts and absorption of martial arts in other places had enriched the content system of Wushu in Fujian； the civilian Wo resisting self-organizations joined by almost all nationals had promoted local warrior advocating atmosphere.

Key words： sports history；regional Wushu；Anti-Wo War；Fujian；Ming dynasty

“南倭北虏”是关涉明朝政权稳固的两大威胁，由此，抗倭战争也就成为明朝“国之大事”。明初即有福建倭寇的记载，至嘉靖年间（1521-1566年），福建成为“南倭”战场的最前沿，亦是倭患的最终覆灭之地，持久、惨烈的抗倭战争促进了八闽（福建代称，亦谓“闽”）武术的成熟和发展。关于抗倭战争与武术发展的相关研究前人已涉及，其要者如：各版本《中国武术史》中“明代武术”部分，福建地方武术史（志）及南少林武术的论著，相关研究也是中外武术交流史上溯源头之一[1-3]。总体看，既往研究或基于宏观史实叙述或专于某一微观现象的探究，未能专注于区域历史与文化，本着全面联系的整体视域考察抗倭战争对福建武术发展、福建武术与其它地域武术交流及海外传播的影响。在综合运用相关文献和调研资料的基础上，围绕研究主题进行符……