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科技型小微企业股权激励机制构建

2017-07-15余澳常超

金融理论探索 2017年3期
关键词:企业

余澳++常超

摘 要:股权激励是解决委托代理问题的重要手段。在双创背景下通过对科技型小微企业股权激励机制的调查研究发现:股权激励在科技型小微企业中实施并不普遍;在实施了股权激励的企业中,股票期权和员工持股计划是最常使用的两类股权激励方式,资本募集预留是股权激励的主要来源,激励比重以不超过总股本的10%居多,自然人直接持股和有限合伙式的间接持股是主要的持股方式,行权方式多样并普遍设置了激励标准。对照股权激励理论和当前现状,从理念重视、激励模式、激励比例、持股方式、激励标准等方面提出了科技型小微企业股权激励机制构建的对策建议。

关 键 词:科技型小微企业;股权激励;机制构建;股票期权;员工持股计划

中图分类号: F273.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2096-2517(2017)03-0046-06

Research on the Establishment of High-Tech Small & Micro Businesses Equity Incentive Mechanism

Yu Ao, Chang Chao

(Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China)

Abstract: Equity incentive is an important solution to the problem of principal agent. Based on a survey of high-tech small and micro businesses equity incentive mechanism, the paper discovers that the implementation of equity incentive in high-tech small and micro businesses is not very popular. The most common ways are stock option incentive and the employee stock ownership plan. The main part of equity incentive mechanism is the capital raising reservation, the usual incentive proportion of the total share capital is less than 10%, and the major ways of shareholding are natural person directly hold the shares and limited partnership, and there are a variety of ways and generallyset criteria. Based on the theory and the present situation, the suggestions are put forward from the aspects of concept emphasis, incentive model, incentive ratio, shareholding method and incentive standard.

Key words: small µ enterprises of science and technology; equity incentive; establishment of mechanism; stock option; employee stock ownership plan

科技型小微企業发展与壮大的最重要因素在于对核心人才的吸引和保留,股权激励作为保留核心人才、解决委托-代理问题的有效手段与科技型小微企业有天然的适配性。然而,受限于企业发展初期的各种问题,科技型小微企业实施股权激励存在诸多困难。本文主要根据对成都市内孵化园区的科技型小微企业的走访及问卷调查,为科技型小微企业股权激励机制构建提出相关建议。

一、文献综述

伯利等(1932)在对现代企业的分析中指出所有权和经营权的分离导致委托代理问题,为了解决委托代理关系带来的问题,学者们开始研究建立特定激励机制来约束代理人的行为,进而为企业带来最大效益。……

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