信息不对称、交易成本与互联网融资平台发展
2017-07-15周爱民彭俊华
周爱民++彭俊华



摘 要:基于信息经济学和交易成本理论,以P2P为例分析了信息不对称条件下网络融资平台对投融资双方交易成本的影响。通过对比研究发现,严重的信息不对称导致交易成本高昂,使投融资双方难以实现直接融资。若不考虑其自身违约,网络融资平台作为第三方交易中介具有信息集聚与共享、筛选与信用评级、支付中介、风险防控以及担保等功能,弥补了直接融资缺陷,因而能显著降低投融资双方交易成本。通过构建预期交易成本和收益模型进一步证明了该结论,并且发现交易成本占投资规模比过高是阻碍投资者投资的重要因素。因此,网络融资平台通过增强信息透明度,降低筹资违约率和投资交易成本,可提高小额投资者的投资积极性。
关 键 词:互联网金融;信息不对称;交易成本;P2P;网络借贷平台
中图分类号:F831 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2096-2517(2017)03-0003-10
Information Asymmetry,Transaction Cost and the Development of Internet Financing Platform
——Based on the Example of P2P Internet Lending
Zhou Aimin, Peng Junhua
(Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China)
Abstract: Based on information economics and Transaction Costs Theory, the paper analyzed the impact of internet financing platform under the condition of information asymmetry on transaction costs of both the investors and the fund-raisers. Through comparative analysis, this paper discovers that it is difficult for investors to deal directly with the fund-raisers for high transaction cost caused by information asymmetry. If the violations are neglected, lending platform could remedy the disadvantages of direct financing and significantly reduce the transaction costs of both investors and fund-raisers because it has functions of gathering and sharing information, screening and credit rating, payment channel, risk control and guarantee advantage as a third-party transaction intermediary. By establishing a model of expected transaction costs and revenue, this paper proves that the ratio of transaction costs and investment are an important factor hindering transaction. Therefore, the network lending platform could arouse enthusiasm of small investors by improving information transparency, reducing default rate of financing and transaction costs of investment.
Key words: internet finance; information asymmetry; transaction cost; Peer to peer; network lending platform
一、引言
隨着电子商务和移动互联网技术的发展,以支付宝、财付通、微信支付等为代表的网络支付已成为人们日常生活的重要支付手段。 近年来,“余额宝”等理财产品热销,P2P和众筹受到人们的热捧。2015年1月4日,李克强总理视察深圳前海微众银行;2015年6月25日,浙江网商银行正式开业;2015年3月5日, 李克强总理在第十二届全国人民代表大会第三次会议上提出“制定‘互联网+行动计划,推动移动互联网、云计算、大数据、物联网等与现代制造业结合,促进电子商务、工业互联网和互联网金融健康发展,引导互联网企业拓展国际市场”。……
