夏志林 陈联雄 彭玉龙 刘京 张之矾 韩小斌 任震宇 刘宏博

摘要 随着烟草农业的不断发展，烟草打顶抑芽的工作成为提高烟叶产质的重要方式。在平原地区打顶抑芽机已经投入使用，而在山地丘陵地区，由于其独特的地形，并没有合适的小型机械进行打顶抑芽，为了提高烟草打顶抑芽的工作效率，在结合烟杆的结构特点以及人工打顶抑芽的工作步骤后，研制了一种小型的烟草打顶抑芽机。在介绍这种打顶抑芽机基本结构的基础上，对其控制系统进行研究。该系统采用无刷直流电机驱动药泵喷药，利用单片机控制准确地控制喷药量及其位置，保证工作的可靠性，同时对该控制系统喷药量的检测做了测试试验，验证了其喷药量的准确性。该设计提高了工作效率，实现了烟草打顶抑芽机的半自动化，进一步推动了烟草农业的现代化进程。

关键词 烟草；打顶抑芽；基本结构；控制系统

Study on Portable and Simple Control System of Tobacco Topping and Sucker Machine

XIA Zhi-lin，CHEN Lian-xiong，PENG Yu-long，HAN Xiao-bin* et al （Zunyi Group of Guizhou Tobacco Company，Zunyi，Guizhou 563000）

Abstract With the development of tobacco agriculture，the tobacco topping and sucker work has become an significant way to improve the yield and quality of tobacco.Topping machine had been put into use in plain area.While in the hilly and mountainous areas，there was no suitable small machinery for top bud inhibition because of its unique terrain.In order to raise the efficiency of tobacco topping，Based on the structural characteristics of the tobacco rod and the working procedures of manual topping，a small tobacco topping machine had been invented.Based on the introduction of the basic structure of the topping and bud cutting machine，the control system was studied.The system used a brushless DC motor to drive the pump spray.it Also used the SCM to control the quantity and position of spraying，which could ensure the reliability of work.Besides， the detection of the spraying amount of the control system was tested，and the accuracy of the spraying amount was verified.The design improved the efficiency of the machine and it has realized the semi automation of tobacco topping and promotes the modernization process of tobacco agriculture.

Key words Tobacco；Topping and sucker；Basic structure；Control system

煙草作为一种经济作物，其主要目的在于收获其叶片来作为生产原料。为了提高烟叶的产量和质量，在烟草种植过程中必须抑制烟草的顶端优势，打顶抑芽是目前在烟草种植和生产过程中应用广泛且不可缺少的农艺步骤[1]。打顶是通过摘除烟草作物顶端的花序和幼叶，来控制除去其顶端生长优势，以避免不作为产量的幼叶对烟草作物内部养分的进一步吸收；而抑芽则是在除去顶芽的条件下，防止顶部侧边幼芽的生长。当前我国烟草打顶工作主要是采用人工来完成作业，但存在劳动强度大、操作不规范、药物利用率低等现象。……