李铁成 何军 刘展 李家明

摘要 我国水资源短缺与水资源浪费并存的现象十分严重，而农业用水效率不高，农田灌溉水的利用效率低下就是其中之一。其原因主要是灌溉方式不合理，造成水资源浪费严重、利用效率低下，加剧了水资源的短缺。近年来，国家对节灌技术的发展愈加重视，出现了许多新型的节水灌溉装置，提出基于作物需水机制的远程无线自动化喷灌系统，是以单片机为自动化控制中枢，采用Arduino技术设计，可以实时监测大田不同部分的缺水情况，并对缺水部分田地定点喷灌直至达到适宜含水量范围，从根本上改变了以人为经验为依据的粗犷的灌溉方式，可以节省大量的资源。

关键词 需水机制；单片机；无线传感；作物需水量上下限

Study on Remote Wireless Automated Sprinkler Irrigation System Based on Crop Water Requirement Mechanism

LI Tie-cheng，HE Jun*，LIU Zhan et al （College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering，Three Gorges University，Yichang，Hubei 443002）

Abstract Water shortage and water resources waste coexistence of the phenomenon is very serious in our country，the efficiency of agricultural water use is not high，the inefficiency of irrigation water use is one of them.The main reason is irrational irrigation，resulting in serious waste of water resources，the use of inefficient，exacerbated the status of water shortages.In recent years，the state of development pay more attention to saving irrigation technology，there have been many new water-saving irrigation equipment，remote wireless sprinkler irrigation system is based on single-chip automatic control center，the design uses the Arduino technology，it can real-time monitor different parts of the field dry or not，the lack of water and some of their fields until it reaches the set point sprinkler water content range，fundamentally changed the man-made experience based on the rugged irrigation，can save a lot of resources.

Key words Water requirement mechanism；Single chip microcomputer； Wireless sensor； Crop water requirement upper and lower limits

近年來，国家农业节水灌溉装备应用出现了西快东慢、中部迟缓的状况，如新疆、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙、山西等地区已经把节水灌溉技术成功应用在棉花、玉米、马铃薯等大田作物上，如地膜覆盖下的滴灌技术，西部、西北部地区已经用了五六年的时间，而中东部节水灌溉技术应用只限于目前的蔬菜、瓜果等设施农业种植方面。由于受地理条件、气候、降雨量的大环境影响，我国的东北部、东南部节水灌溉装备技术比较滞后，目前上述地区真正用在大田作物的节水灌溉甚少，大部分还是靠地表水或降雨维持[1]。国家也因此开始逐渐重视农业节水，加快了农田水利工程建设的投入进程，此举有效解决了农田水利工程的节水硬件基础设施薄弱问题。……