卫晋芳 王星星 王建敏 屈卫栋 任梅

摘要 利用侯马国家基准气候站1981—2010年5—10月观测资料，采用统计分析方法，对侯马市葡萄各物候期温度、日照、降水等气象条件进行分析。结果表明，侯马市无霜期较长，热量条件完全能满足各品种葡萄种植；日照充足，光能资源丰富，对葡萄生长发育和品质积累也非常有利；但3、4月份易出现寒潮、大风等不利气候因素，应注意预防；降水资源明显不足，成为制约葡萄发展的因素。侯马市应充分利用当地气候资源，在葡萄生长需水期适时灌溉，尽量种植中晚熟品种，使果实成熟期避开降水较多的7、8月份，避免果实开裂腐烂等，从而获得稳定的产量和较高的品质。

关键词 葡萄；物候期；气象条件；侯马市

Analysis on Phenological Period and Meteorological Conditions of Grape in Houma City

WEI Jin-fang1，WANG Xing-xing2，WANG Jian-min2 et al （1.Quwo County Meteorological Bureau，Quwo，Shanxi 043400；2.Houma City Meteorological Bureau，Houma，Shanxi 043000）

Abstract Using the observation data of the Houma National Benchmark Climate Station from May to October during 1981-2010，the meteorological conditions such as temperature，sunshine and precipitation of grape in Houma City were analyzed by statistical analysis method.The results showed that Houma City had a long frost-free period，and the heat conditions could satisfy all varieties of grape growing.Abundant sunshine，rich light energy resources，grape growth and quality accumulation was also very favorable；but in March and April prone to cold wave，gale and other adverse climate factors，should pay attention to prevention.Precipitation resources were obviously insufficient and became the factors restricting the development of grapes.Houma City should make full use of local climate resources，timely irrigation in the grape growing season，try to grow late maturing varieties，so that the fruit ripening to avoid precipitation more in July and August to avoid fruit cracking and so on，to obtain a stable yield and higher quality.

Key words Grape； Phenological period； Meteorological condition； Houma City

葡萄適应性很强，从热带、亚热带到温带几乎都有葡萄的分布。侯马市地处山西省临汾市南部，气候区划上为温暖半干旱地区。根据黄寿波等[1]、李华等[2]对我国葡萄的气候区划研究，山西侯马市处于葡萄的最适种植区。侯马市小里村葡萄种植有40多年历史，2008年注册“晋南娇”品牌。目前葡萄种植已发展成为侯马市农业经济支柱产业。笔者利用侯马国家基准气候站1981—2010年5—10月的气温、日照和降水量资料，采用统计分析方法，对侯马市葡萄各物候期气象条件进行分析，以期为侯马市葡萄生产提供科学实用的气象服务。

1 资料与方法

1.1 资料来源

气象观测资料来源于侯马国家基准气候站1981—2010年5—10月的观测资料，葡萄生长资料来源于侯马市小里村晋南娇葡萄种植专业合作社。……