近37年周村区旱涝特征分析及对农业的影响
2017-07-13王先芸王媛媛李海凤朱育清张秀萍
王先芸 王媛媛 李海凤 朱育清 张秀萍



摘要 利用周村区1979—2015年降水资料,采用降水变率、线性趋势、滑动t检验等现代气候学诊断方法,分析了近37年来周村区降水量的月、季、年际分布特征及变化趋势,运用Z指标分析了周村区旱涝特征及其对农业的影响。结果表明,1979—2015年周村区降水量呈不显著的增加趋势,春、夏、秋季降水量均呈增加趋势,冬季降水量呈略微减少趋势。周村区年降水量主要集中在4—10月,占全年降水量的90%,7月份降水量最多,1月份降水量最少。近37年来周村区偏旱、偏涝年份各11年,正常年份15年。
关键词 降水量;旱涝特征;农业影响;周村区
Characteristics of Drought and Flood and Its Influence on Agriculture in Zhoucun District in Recent 37 Years
WANG Xian-yun1,WANG Yuan-yuan1,LI Hai-feng2 et al
(1.Zhoucun District Meteorological Bureau of Zibo City,Zibo,Shandong 255300;2.Shenxian County Meteorological Bureau,Shenxian,Shandong 252400)
Abstract Using the precipitation data of Zhoucun District from 1979 to 2015, the month, seasonal and interannual distribution characteristics and changes trend of precipitation in Zhoucun District in recent 37 years were analyzed by using modern climatological diagnosis methods such as precipitation variability, linear trend and sliding t test.Using Z index to analyze the characteristics of drought and flood in Zhoucun District and its influence on agriculture.The results showed that the precipitation increased in Zhoucun District from 1975 to 2015, and the precipitation in spring, summer and autumn showed an increasing trend, and the precipitation in winter showed a slight decrease trend.The annual precipitation in Zhoucun District was mainly concentrated in April to October, accounting for 90% of the annual precipitation, the most precipitation in July, the least precipitation in January.Partial drought and partial floods was 11 years,respectively,normal year was 15 years in Zhoucun District in recent 37 years.
Key words Precipitation; Drought and flood characteristics;Agricultural impact; Zhoucun district
在全球变暖背景下,作为气候对人类最关键的影响因素之一——降水呈现出不同的响应。李聪等[1]研究指出,我国降水量大多呈减少趋势,但具有明显的区域特征。也有研究表明,山东省年降水量呈下降趋势[2],位于山东省中部的淄博市年降水量却呈缓慢增加趋势,增幅为15.0 mm/10 a[3]。周村区位于山东省中部城市淄博市的西部,地势南高北低,南部多为丘陵,北部为平原,属暖温带大陆性季风气候,四季分明,雨热同季,光照充足,无霜期较长,为农业生产的发展提供了比较充足的气候资源。但由于降水量分布不均,旱澇灾害时有发生,常给国民经济建设和农业生产的发展造成严重损失。笔者利用现代气候学诊断方法,对1979—2015年周村区降水资料进行分析,揭示周村区降水变化规律和旱涝特征,分析其对农业的影响,以期为趋利避害和促进农业可持续发展提供参考。……
