李录久 吴萍萍 蒋友坤 王家嘉 吕艳秋

摘要 [目的]研究不同玉米秸秆还田量对小麦生长和砂姜黑土水分状况的影响，探讨适宜的秸秆还田量。[方法]设置0、1 500、3 000、4 500和6 000 kg/hm2玉米干秸秆粉碎还田量，小麦主要生育期采集0～10 、10～20 cm土壤样品，测定水分含量；收获期考察小麦产量结构性状。[结果]实施玉米秸秆粉碎直接还田对后季小麦生长发育具有良好的促进作用，籽粒产量增长3.49%～7.09%，平均提高4.94%，3 000 kg/hm2的中等秸秆用量处理小麦产量最高。小麦拔节期、孕穗期和开花期0～10 cm、10～20 cm以及0～20 cm土层水分含量显著提高，减轻了土壤干旱程度。[结论]

当前生产水平下，淮北平原砂姜黑土地区玉米秸秆适宜还田量为3 000 kg/hm2。

关键词 秸秆还田；小麦产量；土壤水分；砂姜黑土

Response of Wheat Growth and Soil Moisture Content to Corn Straw Returned to Field

LI Lu-jiu1，WU Ping-ping1，JIANG You-kun2 et al

（1.Soil and Fertilizer Institute， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Hefei， Anhui 230031；2.Linquan Institute of Agricultural Science，Linquan，Anhui 236400）

Abstract [Objective] Response of wheat growth and moisture status of lime concern black soil to rate of corn straw returned to field was conducted so as to seek the suitable amount. [Method] Five rates of corn straw 0， 1 500，3 000，4 500 and 6 000 kg/hm2 returned to field were designed and soil moisture content of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth was analyzed in the main period of wheat growth， yield components were reviewed in wheat mature stage. [Result] There was a better accelerated effect of corn straw directly returned to field on wheat growth late season， seed yield increased by 3.49%-7.09%，averagely 4.94%， and the treatment of 3 000 kg/hm2 corn straw rate obtained the highest yield.Soil moisture content of 0-10， 10-20 and 0-20 cm improved obviously in the stage of jointing， booting and flowering so that the drought degree was alleviated. [Conclusion] The suitable rate of corn straw directly returned to field was 3 000 kg/hm2 at present production in lime concern black soil of Huaibei Plain.

Key words Straw returned to field；Wheat yield；Soil moisture；Lime concern black soil

小麥是安徽省主要粮食作物，2014年全省播种面积达243.45万hm2，占全国的10.1%，位列全国第3[1]，发展小麦生产对安徽农业具有重要作用。安徽省小麦主要种植于淮河以北地区，特别是淮北平原，常年种植面积在150万hm2以上，占安徽省小麦播种面积的70%以上，小麦总产量约占全省小麦总产量的80%，淮北平原小麦生产在安徽省和全国都占有重要地位。

淮北平原小麦产区土壤类型主要是砂姜黑土，黏土矿物以蒙脱石为主，质地黏重，湿时泥泞，干旱时坚硬，耕作性状不良，土壤水分变化频繁，保水供水能力弱，易旱易涝[2]。小麦生育期易发生春旱，特别是开花期，遭遇干旱会严重影响小麦授粉和籽粒产量。改良砂姜黑土不良水分性状，提高土壤保水供水能力对小麦高产稳产有重要作用。……