方月梅 张晓玲 刘娟 何明礼

摘要 [目的]掌握铜绿山矿区农业土壤中重金屬含量、污染程度及分布特征。[方法]对矿区周边农业土壤重金属进行实地采样，并对Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn含量进行分析。采用地累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数法，评价土壤中的重金属污染程度和风险。[结果]矿区农业土壤受到重金属不同程度的污染，重金属的污染程度从大到小依次为Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd；重金属区域污染差异较大，局部区域污染严重；矿区农业土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd 4种重金属综合的潜在危害程度均为“轻微”，Cu是潜在生态危害最大的因子。重金属潜在危害程度从大到小依次为Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd；Pb和Zn有很大相关性，说明Pb和Zn可能属于同源污染物。[结论]该研究可为矿区农业用地重金属污染防治提供科学依据。

关键词 农业土壤；重金属；生态风险评价

Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Agricultural Soil in Tonglüshan Mine

FANG Yue-mei1，2， Zhang Xiao-ling1， Liu Juan1 et al

（1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering， Hubei Polytechnic University， Huangshi， Hubei 435003；2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation， Huangshi， Hubei 435003）

Abstract [Objective]To master the content， pollution degree and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the agricultural soils in Tonglüshan mining area. [Method]Field sampling of heavy metals in the agricultural soil around the mining area was carried out， and the contents of Cu， Pb， Cd and Zn were analyzed. The degree and risk of heavy metal pollution in soil were evaluated by land accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method. [Result]The agricultural soils in the mining area were polluted by heavy metals in varying degrees. The pollution degree of heavy metals ranged from large to small， followed by Cu， Zn， Pb and Cd. Regional pollution of heavy metals was different， pollution in local areas was serious. The potential damage degree of Cu， Pb， Zn and Cd in the agricultural soil of the mining area was all slight， and Cu was the most potential ecological hazard factor. The potential damage degree of heavy metals ranged from large to small， followed by Cu， Pb， Zn and Cd. Pb and Zn had a great correlation， indicating that Pb and Zn might belong to homologous pollutants. [Conclusion]The study can provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in agricultural land.

Key words Agricultural soil；Heavy metal；Ecological risk assessment

随着工业发展、废弃物排放及农业化肥施用量的增加，土壤重金属污染已经成为一个世界性环境问题。土壤中的重金属具有残留时间长、隐蔽性强、毒性大等特点，并且可经作物吸收后进入食物链，或通过某些迁移进入地下水和大气，从而威胁人类的健康和其他动物的繁衍生息。因此成为研究的热点[1-9]。铜绿山矿区是大冶市典型的铜铁矿区，经过多年的开采和冶炼，矿区周边土壤的重金属污染严重，已威胁到矿区周边区域的生态安全[10-12]。笔者以铜绿山矿区周边的菜地、橘园和林地等农业土壤为研究对象，测定各采样点的Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn 4种重金属的含量，分析矿区农业土壤中重金属的分布特征，并采用地累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数法对土壤中的重金属污染程度进行评估，以期为矿区农业用地重金属污染防治，合理布局矿区农业等提供科学依据。……