赵建栋 乔治军 陈凌 王君杰 王海岗 曹晓宁 田翔 刘思辰 秦慧彬 杨光宗

摘要 [目的]研究不同耕作方式对糜子干物质积累量、土壤含水量、水分利用效率以及产量的影响。[方法]采用深耕、传统耕作、免耕、旋耕4种耕作方式，以晋黍9号为材料，分析不同耕作方式的糜子干物质积累量、土壤含水量、水分利用效率以及产量。[结果]深耕、免耕、旋耕这3种耕作措施的干物质积累速度和积累量要明显高于传统耕作，且深耕最为明显；深耕在0～100 cm处的土壤含水量高于其它耕作方式，且土壤贮水量最大，水分利用效率排序依次为深耕>旋耕>免耕>传统耕作；穗粒重、千粒重和产量都以深耕处理的最大，传统耕作方式的最小。研究表明在四种耕作方式中，深耕有利于糜子产量和水分利用效率的提高。[结论]在干旱、半干旱的糜子主产区，深耕是最有利于糜子生长的耕作方式。

关键词 耕作方式；糜子；水分利用效率；产量

Effect of Different Tillage Techniques on Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Broomcorn Millet

ZHAO Jian-dong，QIAO Zhi-jun*，CHEN Ling et al （Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources ，Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Key Laboratory of Loess Plateau Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Creation of Ministry of Agriculture ，Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereals Germplasm Resources Mining and Genetic Improvement，Taiyuan，Shanxi 030031）

Abstract [Objective]The effects of different tillage techniques on the dry matter accumulation，soil water content，water use efficiency and yield of broomcorn millet were studied.[Method]The test set the following 4 kinds of tillage techniques：deep tillage，traditional tillage and no-tillage and rotary tillage techniques.[Result]The dry matter accumulation rate and accumulated amount of the three cultivation measures were significantly higher than those of the conventional tillage，and the deep tillage was the most obvious.The soil water content of deep tillage at 0-100 cm was higher than that of other tillage techniques.

The water storage of soil was the highest，and the order of water use efficiency was deep tillage >rotary tillage > no-tillage> traditional tillage.Grain weight per spike，1000-grain weight and yield were the highest in deep plowing and the least in traditional tillage.The results showed that deep tillage was beneficial to yield and water use efficiency in four farming techniques.[Conclusion]Deep tillage was beneficial to the growth of broomcorn millet in arid and semiarid area of arid Broomcorn millet.

Key words Tillage techniques；Broomcorn millet；Water use efficiency；Yield

糜子具有耐旱、耐瘠、水分利用效率高等特性，是北方干旱、半干旱區的重要粮食作物和经济作物[1]，有研究结果表明，水分是制约旱地作物长势和产量的主要限制因素，旱地耕作技术主要通过纳雨蓄墒来增加土壤的水分含量，但传统翻耕的耕作方式不利于土壤水分积累，且使80%以上的土壤水分无效损失加重，频繁翻耕会导致土壤结构破坏，表层土壤裸露，加大犁底层的紧实度，加快土壤水分的流失，不利于耕层土壤聚集水分[2-4]，同时深松耕对杂粮的产量和水分利用效率明显高于传统耕作[5]，且作物生长期的耗水量和水分利用效率是决定水分利用的关键指标[6]。因此，探索合……