杨安学 龙通珍

摘要 [目的]分析退耕还林各林种树种的生长状况，评价退耕还林所产生的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。[方法]根据麻江县的地貌特征，将其分为东、中、西3个台阶。根据退耕还林的林种和树种分布情况，设置监测样地。2002—2014年对固定样地进行监测调查，研究不同样地树高、胸径和郁闭度的动态变化。[结果]通过对比分析，生态林的经济效益和生态效益优于经济林，生态林中杉木模式和杉竹混交模式的生態效益和经济效益高于其他种植模式。[结论]在退耕还林或其他造林项目中，麻江县应优先发展生态林，在发展生态林中应优先选用杉木纯林或杉竹混交模式。

关键词 退耕还林；效益；麻江县

Dynamic Study and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Benefit of Returning Farmland to Forest in Majiang County

YANG An-xue1， LONG Tong-zhen2 （1. Qian Dong Nan Zhou Institute of Forestry Science， Kaili， Guizhou 556000； 2. Forestry Bureau of Majiang County， Majiang， Guizhou 557600）

Abstract [Objective]To analyze the growth status of returning farmland to forest tree species in different forest species， and evaluate the ecological， economic and social benefits of returning farmland to forests. [Method]According to the geomorphic features of Majiang County， it was divided into 3 steps： the East， the middle and the West. Monitoring plots were sete according to the project of returning farmland to forest and forest tree species distribution. A survey was carried out on the fixed sample plots during 2002-2014， the dynamics of tree height， DBH and canopy density were studied. [Result]Through comparative analysis， ecological economic and ecological benefits than economic forest， ecological benefit and economic benefit of Cunninghamia lanceolata model and mixed model of Cunninghamia lanceolata and bamboo was higher than that of other planting models. [Conclusion]It should give priority to the development of ecological forest in Mjiang County， in the development of ecological forest， priority should be given to the selection of Cunninghamia lanceolata model or mixed model of Cunninghamia lanceolata and bamboo.

Key words Returning farmland to forests；Benefit；Majiang County

退耕还林是一个庞大的系统工程，涉及生态、社会和经济等方面。通过退耕还林效益监测，掌握退耕还林在生态、经济和社会发展中所起的促进作用，可为退耕还林政策调整、退耕还林后续产业发展及可持续经营提供指导性依据。目前，对于退耕还林效益的研究，多是对单一树种的阶段性总结[1-2]，而关于某地区的多林种和树种的效益评价却鲜见报道。通过对多林种和多树种进行连续多年的调查监测，对于退耕还林效益动态具有重要意义。为解决麻江县退耕还林后续产业发展和林分可持续经营问题，笔者分析了经济林和生态林生长状况，并将生态林的几个树种进行对比分析，根据不同立地条件，提出不同立地条件同一树种的抚育采伐的年龄，分析各树种的经济效益，以期为促进麻江县退耕还林后续产业发展提供科学依据。……