青海省贵德县耕层土壤农化指标分析
2017-07-13武治华牛继平
武治华 牛继平



摘要 [目的]评价贵德县耕层土壤养分状况。[方法]采用常规方法,分析贵德县499个耕层土壤8项农化指标。[结果]贵德县耕层土壤平均
有机质 19.71 g/kg,全氮 1.54 g/kg,全磷 1.70 g/kg,碱解氮 111 mg/kg,有效磷 41 mg/kg,速效钾249 mg/kg,缓效钾1 029 mg/kg,pH 7.97。碱解氮、速效钾、缓效钾总体含量水平高;有效磷、有机质含量与丰缺指标比较,结果为中等水平。[结论]该研究可为耕地地力评价和测土配方施肥提供基础数据。
关键词 土壤;养分指标;丰缺指标;贵德县
Eight Agrochemical Indexes of Soil Content Analysis of Guide County in Qinghai Province
WU Zhi-hua1, NIU Ji-ping2*
(1.Changdu Agro-technology Extension Station,Changdu, Tibet 854000;2.Changdu City Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, Changdu, Tibet 854000 )
Abstract [Objective]The objective is to evaluate soil nutrient situation. [Method]Eight agrochemical indexes of top layer soil content analysis of 499 samples were analyzed by conventional method. [Result]Top layer soil nutrient was as follows in Guide County: organic matter 19.71 g/kg,total nitrogen 1.54 g/kg, total phosphorus 1.70 g/kg, available nitrogen 111 mg/kg, effective phosphorus 41 mg/kg, available potassium 249 mg/kg, slowly available potassium 1 029 mg/kg,
pH 7.97. On the whole,nutrient level of available nitrogen,available potassium, and slowly available potassium of Guide County soil was high. Content of effective phosphorus, organic matter was at medium level compared with abundance and deficiency index. [Conclusion]The research can offer based data for the cultivated land fertility evaluation and soil testing and fertilizer recommendation.
Key words Soil;Nutrient index;abundance and deficiency index;Guide County
土壤農化指标是衡量土壤肥力的基础,随着科学手段和认识水平的不断提高,土壤肥力概念的外延不断扩大,内涵不断缩小,倾向于将地貌、水文、气候、植物等环境因子以及人类活动等社会因子作为土壤肥力系统组分。人为的耕作方式、作物种类、施肥量的大小都会对土壤肥力起到很大程度上的影响,耕层土壤农化指标的分析研究是进行土壤培肥、合理施肥和管理的重要依据。研究者在广西桑园土壤养分状况及丰缺分级的研究过程中,发现不同种植区、同一种植区不同桑园之间土壤养分丰缺程度差异较大;实际生产中应做到因地制宜合理施肥,尤其要重视氮、磷、钾、镁肥的施用[1];在华北高产农田施用生物质炭对耕层土壤总氮和碱解氮含量影响的研究中指出:施用生物质炭对提升华北高产粮田耕层土壤基础肥力有积极的作用[2];在对永定县水稻土壤速效养分含量分析的过程中,提出要加大钾肥的施用力度,逐渐提高土壤速效钾的含量[3];……
