基于草鱼免疫的生态综合调控对养殖池塘水质的影响
2017-07-13胡玉婷江河段国庆凌俊周华兴
胡玉婷 江河 段国庆 凌俊 周华兴



摘要 [目的]研究基于草鱼免疫的生态综合调控对养殖池塘水质的影响。[方法]2016年5—10月,分析了联合使用EM制剂、二氧化氯和底质改良剂对安徽合肥和马鞍山免疫草鱼养殖池塘水质的综合影响。[结果]与对照池塘相比,生态综合调控对试验池塘水体具有较好的净化作用,能降低硝酸盐(NO-3-N)、亚硝酸盐(NO-2-N)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量,提升溶解氧,稳定pH。[结论]研究结果可为促进池塘养殖的健康发展提供技术支持和理论依据。
关键词 草鱼;免疫生态调控;养殖池塘;水质
Effects of Comprehensive Eco-control Techniques Based on Immunization on Water Quality in the Aquaculture Ponds with Ctenopharyngodon idellus
HU Yu-ting, JIANG He*, DUAN Guo-qing et al
(Fishery Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031)
Abstract [Objective] To study the effects of comprehensive eco-control techniques based on immunization on water quality of aquaculture pond with Ctenopharyngodon idellus. [Method] From May to October of 2016, EM bacteria (effective microorganisms), ClO2 and substrate ameliorative agent were applied to analyze their comprehensive effects on water quality of aquaculture ponds with immunized C.idellus in Hefei and Maanshan of Anhui Province. [Result] Compared with control ponds, comprehensive eco-control had good purification effects on water of test ponds, which can decrease the contents of NO-3-N, NO-2-N,NH+4-N, COD, TN and TP, increase DO content and stabilize pH of water. [Conclusion] The research results can provide technical supports and theoretical basis for promoting the healthy development of pond culture.
Key words Ctenopharyngodon idellus;Immunological eco-control;Aquaculture ponds;Water quality
草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)是我国传统主养经济鱼类,因其生长速度快、池塘养殖产量高、经济效益好、肉质鲜嫩、价格适中而深受养殖户和消费者喜爱,市场需求量大。近年来,草鱼养殖产量占全国淡水养殖产量的18%以上,且还在逐年增长[1-3];就单一养殖品种而言,草鱼产量位居水产品产量之首,产业地位极其重要。草鱼也是安徽省池塘主养品种之一,在吃食性鱼类中产量最高。2015年安徽草鱼养殖产量27.05万t,占全省水产养殖总量的14.5%[3]。但是,草鱼抗病力低,对水质要求高,在目前养殖模式下草鱼病害频发,各养殖阶段死亡率均较高。这与人们片面追求产量、盲目放养与投饵、养殖环境差、病害防控技术落后等有关,严重影响了养殖效益和产品质量安全,已成为制约草鱼池塘养殖发展的重要因素。
随着人们对抗生素等药物使用安全性认识的提高,以疫苗免疫技术为基础的综合防控体系逐渐得到了人们的认可,并已成为水产养殖病害防控新技术,被人们积极推广。……
