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庆大霉素废水对斑马鱼的急性毒性效应

2017-07-13孟静文解卫方董雨欣沈洪艳

安徽农业科学 2017年24期

孟静文 解卫方 董雨欣 沈洪艳

摘要 [目的]探讨庆大霉素废水对斑马鱼的急性毒性效应。[方法]采用静水式直接接触致毒法,研究庆大霉素废水对斑马鱼的急性毒性效应。根据斑马鱼在各时间段的死亡率求出半致死浓度(LC50),根据LC50判断庆大霉素废水的毒性等级。[结果]预试验结果表明,斑马鱼暴露于庆大霉素体积百分比为30%的废水中24 h 100 %死亡(24 h LC100)和体积百分比为10%的废水96 h 零死亡(96 h LC0)。急性毒性试验结果表明,在(22±1) ℃下,庆大霉素废水4、8、12、24、48、72、96 h的LC50分别为23.975%、21.210%、19.050%、18.395%、16.779%、16.779%、16.779%。庆大霉素废水不同时段的LC50为10%~50%,Tua值为2~10,毒性等级为中等毒性。[结论]研究结果可以为庆大霉素废水对水生生物的亚急性毒性研究提供相关数据。

关键词 环境毒理学;庆大霉素废水;斑马鱼;急性毒性;半致死浓度

Acute Toxic Effects of Gentamicin Wastewater on Zebrafish

MENG Jing-wen1,2,XIE Wei-fang1,2,DONG Yu-xin1,2,SHEN Hong-yan1,2* (1.School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050018;2.Medical Molecular Chemistry Laboratory of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050018)

Abstract [Objective]To discuss the acute toxic effects of gentamicin wastewater on zebrafish.[Method]The acute toxicity effects of gentamicin wastewater to zebrafish were determined by using hydrostatic contact test methods.The median lethal concentration (LC50) was caculated according to the mortality of zebrafish in each period,and gentamicin wastewater′s toxicity grade was judged according to LC50.[Result] The pre-test showed that 24 h LC100 and 96 h LC0 for zebrafish exposing to gentamicin wastewater were 30% and 10% respectively.The acute toxicity test indicated that 4,8,12,24,48,72,96 h LC50 for zebrafish at (22±1)℃ were 23.975%,21.210%,19.050%,18.395%,16.779%,16.779%,16.779% respectively.The research showed that LC50 values were 10%-50%, Tua values were between 2 and 10, the toxicity grade was moderate toxicity.[Conclusion]The research results can provide some data for studying the subacute toxicity of gentamicin wastewater to aquatic organisms.

Key words Environmental toxicology;Gentamicin wastewater;Zebrafish;Acute toxicity;LC50

抗生素廢水不仅是pH变化趋势大、色度很高、气味比较刺鼻,而且是含有残留抗生素等难降解有机物以及高浓度生物毒性物质的一种有机废水。近年来,国内外报道了很多抗生素对藻类、蚤类、发光菌、鱼类的急性毒性试验[1-5]。孟文娜等[6]研究了土霉素对日本锦鲫肝脏抗氧化防御系统的影响,但关于抗生素废水对斑马鱼的致毒效应研究较少,尤其是庆大霉素废水。鱼类对于水环境的变化反应是尤为灵敏的,当水体污染达到一定浓度时,鱼类就会产生一系列中毒反应,如出现行为异常、生理功能紊乱,直至死亡[7]。鱼类急性毒性试验不仅用于测定化学物质毒性强度和水体污染程度,检测废水处理效果,而且也为制定水质标准、评价环境质量和管理废水排放提供了重要技术支撑。……

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