周根友 夏华 陈启康

摘要 [目的]对黑宝石1号高产栽培密肥技术进行研究。[方法]采用种植密度、肥料二因素不同处理水平裂区设计试验，对黑宝石1号在不同种植密度和施肥水平条件下，其生育期、群个体茎蘖动态、植株性状、穗粒结构及其丰产性和抗逆性进行了研究，探明黑宝石1号在江苏沿江地区种植不同密度、施肥水平对其群个体发育和产量的影响，并通过多元非线性回归分析，寻求高产技术农艺措施。[结果]种植密度过低不利于形成足穗，种植密度过高又会影响每穗实粒数，肥料过少会制约群个体发育，肥料过多又会影响每穗粒数和粒重，且容易造成倒伏。合理的密肥组合可使群个体间协调发展，平衡穗、粒、重三者关系，获得较高的产量。在基本苗239.6万/hm2、施N量237.7 kg/hm2时，具有最大产量潜力7 384.3 kg/hm2。产量>7 200 kg/hm2的密肥合理区间为基本苗200万～270万/hm2、施N量220～260 kg/hm2或者基本苗210万～260万/hm2、施N量210～270 kg/hm2。[结论]该研究可为制订黑宝石1号高产栽培技术措施提供理论依据。

关键词 黑宝石1号；基本苗；施N量；群体质量；产量

Technology Optimization on Density and Fertilizer for High-yield Cultivation of Wheat Variety Heibaoshi 1

ZHOU Gen-you，XIA Hua，CHEN Qi-kang*

（Agricultural Institute of Riparian Region of Jiangsu Province， Rugao， Jiangsu 226541）

Abstract [Objective]To study technology of density and fertilizer for high-yield cultivation of the wheat variety Heibaoshi 1.[Method]Through the split plot design experiment with different factors level of density and fertilizer，the wheat variety Heibaoshi 1 was studied on its growth period， group stem tillers dynamics， plant traits， grain structure， high yielding and resistance. To prove the effects of different density and fertilizer levels on the group-individual development and yield for Heibaoshi 1 planting in the areas along the Yangtze river， look for high yield technology through the multivariate nonlinear regression analysis.[Result]The low density will affect the number of panicles.High density will affect the number of grain per panicle.The little fertilizer will restrict development of group-individual.The exceeded fertilizer will affect the number of grain per panicle and 1 000-grain weight，and it is easy to cause lodging.The reasonable density-fertilizer combination makes coordinated development between the group and individual，balance the relations of panicle-grains-weight， to obtain higher yield.The maximum yield potential is 7 384.3 kg/hm2 when the basic seedlings is 239.6×104 /hm2 and N application rate is 237.7 kg/hm2.The density-fertilizer reasonable interval to obtain yield over 7 200 kg/hm2 is the basic seedlings in 200×104-270×104/hm2 and N application rate in 220-260 kg/hm2，or the basic seedlings in 210×104-260×104/hm2 and N application rate in 210-270 kg/hm2.[Conclusion]The study can provide a theoretical basis for formulating high yeild cultivation techniques of Heibaoshi 1.

Key words Heibaoshi 1；Basic seedling；N application rate；Group quality；Yield

黑寶石1号是适合江苏沿江地区种植的一个高产优质黑小麦品种。作为黑色食品资源，其氨基酸总量、各种维生素以及硒、碘、铁、磷、锰等微量元素含量都高于普通小麦，具有丰富的营养价值和独特的食疗保健功能，因而具有广阔的开发利用前景。随着农村产业结构调整，黑宝石1号近年在江苏沿江地区种植面积逐年增加[1-3]。为挖掘其产量潜力，实现高产、高效同步，笔者对其开展了高产栽培技术研究。该……