张海芝 史国敏 徐丰

摘要 [目的]研究城市发酵污泥在棉花上的最佳施用方式，降低棉花生产成本。[方法]采用盆栽试验方法，探讨不施用发酵污泥（CK）、污泥覆盖土壤表面（处理①）、污泥与土壤混合（处理②）、混合+覆盖（处理③）4种方式对棉苗、根系生长的影响。[结果]污泥的不同处理对棉花苗期根际土壤温度增温效果明显，以10 cm处土层最明显，处理①、②、③地温平均较对照CK高1.2、2.9、1.5 ℃；显著促进棉花苗的生长，棉花出苗率、健苗率、株高、叶面积、叶片数与CK 相比极显著增加；对棉花苗根有诱导和促进生长作用，根长、根数量、根粗、根体积显著高于CK。[结论]发酵污泥3 种不同施用方式都能够促进棉花苗生长， 改善叶片和根的各项生理指标。 整体来看，处理②综合优势好，是发酵污泥较有效的施用方式。

关键词 发酵污泥； 棉花； 生长；根系

Effects of Fermented Sludge on Soil Temperature and Characteristics of Cotton Seedlings with Different Application Methods

ZHANG Hai-zhi，SHI Guo-min，XU Feng （Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Zhoukou，Henan 466001）

Abstract [Objective]To research the best application pattern of urban fermented sludge on the cotton to increase production.[Method]The effects of urban fermented sludge treated with cotton application methods including blending，mulching ，blending and mulching on the growth of cotton，leaf physiological characteristics and the root morphology were discussed by using pot experiment.[Result]The warming effect of different treatments with urban fermented sludge was obvious，10 cm of soil had the most obvious effect.Compared with CK，the ground temperature of blending，mulching ，blending and mulching were increased 1.2，2.9，1.5 ℃ more than the control.Urban fermented sludge treatment can significantly promote the growth of cotton seedling，cotton seedling emergence rate，the healthy seedling rate，plant height，leaf area，leaf number significantly increased compared with the control.Urban fermented sludge treatment had inducing and promoting effect on growth，root length，root number，root diameter，root volume of applying urban fermented sludge treatment were significantly higher than the control.[Conclusion] Three different fermented sludge methods can promote the growth of cotton seedling，improve the physiological indicators of leaf and root.Overall，mulching treatment has comprehensive advantages，which is an effective application pattern of urban fermented sludge.

Key words Fermented sludge；Cotton；Growth；Root

隨着城市人口的快速增长，人们物质生活水平的提高，产生的生活废水越来越多，污泥产出量也随之增多。河南省周口市在建设城市生态水循环中，污水处理厂每年产生的大量活性生活污泥无处安放，堆放市区周边造成第二次污染和资源的浪费，污泥经过多次发酵，含有丰富的促进作物生长的氮、磷、钙、镁及微量元素，而且重金属含量相对较低，达到农用污泥标准。如能开发成农作物肥料，对保护环境和农业生产具有积极意义。

污泥中含有大量蛋白质、有机质、腐殖质，经过好氧高温堆肥化处理，可去除臭味、杀死绝大多数病原菌和寄生虫卵、固化和钝化重金属，质地疏松，不仅改善土壤物理性质，提高保水能力，促使土壤团粒结构形成，还能维持和提高土壤肥力等[1-2]；……