赵国良，梁更生，温宏昌，王娟，赵春燕，卜虎虎

摘要：利用1978 — 2014 年的馬铃薯单产数据资料，对天水市37 a来马铃薯单产变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明，天水市1978 — 2014年马铃薯单产的变化可划分为4个阶段，马铃薯单产整体呈上升趋势，但年际波动较大。产量增加的年份略多于减少的年份。

关键词：马铃薯；单产；趋势分析；天水市

中图分类号：S532 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-1463（2017）11-0041-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2017.11.013

Benefit Analysis of Potato Intercropping with Soybean

in Northwest Irrigation Areas

YANG Guo 1， CHEN Guangrong 2， 3， WANG LiMing 2， 3， YANG Ruping 2， 3， DONG Bo 2， 3， ZHANG Guohong 2， 3， Li Chende 4 ， YANG Guifang 5

（1. Jingyuan Farming and Animal Husnbandry Bureau， Jingyuan Gansu 730600， China； 2. Institute of Dryland Agriculture， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China； 3. Key Laboratory of Northwest Drought Crop Cultivation of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China； 4. Gansu Institute of Agriculture Technology， Lanzhou Gansu 730020， China； 5. Gansu Central Keya green agriculture Technology Ltd， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract：Field experiments are conducted in Northwest irrigation districts along Yellow river from 2013 to 2016. The concept related to yield equivalent and value of output equivalent is proposed， using various quantitative standards such as land equivalent ratio， yield equivalent， and value of output equivalent， the efficiency and the economic benefit. The physiological effect and micro ecological benefit on photosynthetic properties， soil microorganism populations， crop quality and weed control in intercropping systems are studied systematically. Early potato and soybean intercropping could significantly improve illumination effective utilization， ≥10 ℃ temperature effective utilization， rainfall effective utilization during green period and ground cover effective utilization. Intercropping significantly improved the land use efficiency， the unit area yield and the unit area value are 1.53 and 1.49 times of sole cropping. Intercropping also significantly improved soil microbial structure and crop quality， and therefore alleviated the obstacles of continuous cropping. Early potato and soybean intercropping is an effective cultivation method with great ecological and economic benefits. In addition to Labor， soil， heat and water resource intensively utilizing temporally and spatially， Early potato and soybean intercropping could increase the crop yield per unit area greatly， which could be extended at large scale.

Key words：Potato/ Soybean；Northwest Irrigation areas；Continuous croppingbostacle；Quality；Yield effect；Ecological benefit

甘肃省马铃薯种植面积达67万hm2，鲜薯产量达238万t（折粮），面积居全国第3，产量居全国第2[1 ]，这得益于甘肃省委省政府把马铃薯产业作为全省农业和农村经济发展的战略性主导产业来扶持，促进了马铃薯产业的健康稳定发展。天水市马铃薯产业发展也很快，种植面积已达6.72万hm2，鲜薯产量达24.85万t（折粮） [2 ]，马铃薯产业已成为农民脱贫致富的支柱产业。但天水市是典型的雨养农业区，马铃薯生产没有完全摆脱靠天吃饭的局 面[3 - 4 ]。我们选取了天水市1978 — 2014年的相关数据，研究了37 a来天水市马铃薯单产的变化，分析马铃薯单产变化的阶段性、趋势性特征，以期在天水市粮食面积每年减少879.73 hm2的情况下[5 ]，通过提高马铃薯单产来保证粮食增产。

1 资料与方法

1.1 资料来源

选取1978 — 2014年甘肃省天水市马铃薯播种面积、单产等数据资料。数据资料来自《天水经济年鉴》 [2 ]。

1.2 研究方法

采用Microsoft Excel 2003 软件就马铃薯37 a播种面积、产量的变化进行数据统计分析，说明其变化趋势及特征。计算时通常折粮以淀粉产量计算 （淀粉产量=鲜薯产量×20% ）。

2 结果与分析

2.1 天水市马铃薯播种面积变化分析