播种方式对食用向日葵产量的影响
2017-05-30张立军,冉生斌
张立军,冉生斌



摘要:在天祝试验观察了食用向日葵不同播种方式的效果。结果表明,覆膜直播表现最好,折合产量 45 333.3 kg/hm2,比露地直播增产40.37%;覆膜育苗移栽折合产量次之,为33 925.9 kg /hm2,比露地直播增产5.05%。天祝县二阴山区食用向日葵栽培,如为抢市场提早上市,可采用覆膜育苗移栽,选用早熟品种,但面积不宜过大;大面积栽培可采用覆膜直播,选用中熟及中晚熟品种,生育期在120~140 d的品种均适宜在试验区覆膜种植。
关键词:向日葵;播种方式;产量;天祝县
中图分类号:S565.5 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2017)11-0043-02
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2017.11.014
A Preliminary Report on Introduction Experiment of Cabbage and Baby Vegetable in Gaotai County
MA Yanxia, ZHANG Junfeng, ZHANG Yuxin, KUAI Jiain, WANG Xiaowei
(Institute of Vegetable Research,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China)
Abstract:The seeds of improved cultivar of cabbage and mini chinese cabbage, which the main plateau summer vegetables planted in Gansu, is tested by the cultivation in oasis areas (Gaotai county) for cultivars' adaptability. The result shows that compared with the contrast cultivar, two cultivars G5 and W2 is the best of them, which G5 growth period is 64 days from sowing to harvest, its plot yield is over control 3.36%, commodity rate reached 91.11%, without blastomere, and W2 growth period is 65 days from sowing to harvest, the commodity rate and net leaves rate are both higher than CK, the average net weight per leaf-head is 4.57% higher than CK. It is illustrated that G5 and W2 are the most suitable cultivars for cultivation in oasis areas of Gansu corridor.
Key words:Cabbage;Mini chinese cabbage;Introduction;Gaotai
大豆、油菜、花生和向日葵是世界四大油料作物。近年來,作为第四大食用油源,随着炒货和籽仁市场消费量的逐年递增,以及杂交种的应用,向日葵生产规模及种植面积均呈现快速发展的势态[1 ]。甘肃省发展向日葵产业具有得天独厚的自然基础条件,向日葵已经成为重要的经济作物,也是农民的重要经济来源[2 ]。随着种植业结构的调整,天祝县经济作物面积不断增加[3 ],二阴山区食用向日葵栽培效益显著。为了使高产型食用向日葵早成熟,籽粒饱满,提高产量,我们进行了食用向日葵不同播种方式试验[4 - 5 ],以探讨不同播种方式对食葵生育期及产量的影响,为食用向日葵大面积栽培提供参考。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地概况
试验点位于天祝县华藏寺镇南山村地块。海拔2 498 m,年平均气温-0.2 ℃~1.7 ℃,常年降水量260 mm,常年日照时数2 500 h,无霜期120~140 d,≥0 ℃有效积温2 417 ℃,≥5 ℃有效积温2 116 ℃,≥10 ℃有效积温1 475 ℃。土壤为栗钙土,肥力中等,地力均匀,耕层(0~20 cm)土壤含有机质9.7 g/kg、全氮0.78 g/kg、全磷1.42 g/kg、全钾19.5 g/kg[2 ]。……
