戴菁

[摘 要]晚明才媛学佛参禅之风颇盛，吴江沈宜修为其中佼佼者。出身于佛教渊源深厚的科甲门第，闺阁时期，沈宜修深受家族禅风熏陶，并倾心诗文。于归初期，因受婆母压制，她无奈搁笔，转而究心内典。夫君叶绍袁中举后，她潜心習禅，引领叶氏诸女庭闱唱和，以诗文述佛理，表禅境。生命晚期，至亲接连离世的悲剧人生体验使其诗文呈现出对世间亲情的迷痴，对生命无常的深刻体悟，以及对生死的超越。

[关键词]沈宜修；《鹂吹》；女性文学；佛教文学

[中图分类号]I2072 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1000-3541（2017）04-0054-05

Study on Zen Mood and Life Evolution in the Works of Shen Yixiu

DAI Jing

（School of Liberal Arts，Nanjing University，Nanjing 210023，China）

Abstract： During the late Ming period， gifted women were interested in studying Zen Buddhism， among which Shen Yixiu can be the outstanding one. Born in the imperial examination family， during her girlhood， on the one hand， Shen Yixiu was deeply influenced by Zen Buddhism； on the other hand， she enjoyed writing a lot. At the beginning of her marriage， suppressed by her mother in-law， Shen Yixiu gave up writing unwillingly for some time and turned to absorbing herself in Buddhist canons. After her husband Ye Shaoyuan passed the provincial civil service examination， she was free to lead daughters to write poems with Buddhist philosophy as well as Zen mood in their inner quarters. The successive death of close relatives during her later life makes her works present obsession for the mortal kinship， realization on the impermanence and transcendence on life and death.

Key words：Shen Yixiu； Li Chui； feminine literature； Buddhist literature

[收稿日期]2017-04-16

晚明社会禅风浸盛，文人名士“以谈禅为风流逸事，以交禅为雅洁荣耀”[1]（p68）。禅风波及闺阁，对佛禅相关生命体验的书写构成了此际才媛诗文作品中的独特风景。

出身松陵沈氏的晚明才媛沈宜修（字宛君，1590—1635年）为禅意书写女性之代表。沈宜修乃山东副使沈珫的长女，戏曲大家沈璟的侄女，工部郎中叶绍袁（1589—1648年）之妻。叶绍袁为晚明名士，与沈宜修所生的五女八子皆有文藻，其女如叶小纨、叶纨纨、叶小鸾幼承母教，并有文采，可谓彤管之盛，萃于一门。沈宜修传世诗文颇多，见于别集《鹂吹》。览其诗文，既有文藻流转，又见禅风氤氲。高彦颐在论及“家内宗教”时指出：“它们嵌入了闺阁的日常生活，并构成了女性世界观和自我认识的重要部分。”[2]（p211）晚明佛教整体虽有世俗化、经忏化的特征，但才媛闺秀学佛习禅则更多蕴含知性的省思与智慧的体悟，这体现在她们的传世诗文中。……