师文慧 全小山

摘 要：民族贫困地区学前教育受到国家、各地方政府和社会普遍重视，而幼儿教师是学前教育发展的关键。通过对310名幼儿教师心理授权、职业倦怠的测试，探讨民族贫困地区幼儿教师心理授权与职业倦怠之间的关系。结果表明：（1）民族贫困地区幼儿教师在职业倦怠各因子上存在显著的性别差异；在情绪耗竭、玩世不恭维度上存在显著的受教育程度和教龄差异。（2）民族贫困地区幼儿教师心理授权与职业倦怠呈显著负相关。工作意义、自我效能和工作自主性对职业倦怠有显著的负向预测作用，表明民族贫困地区幼儿教师的心理授权对职业倦怠有显著的影响。

关键词：民族贫困地区；幼兒教师；心理授权；职业倦怠

中图分类号：G640 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-000X（2017）08-0053-03

Abstract： The preschool education in the poor ethnic areas attracts universal attentions from the central government， local governments and society. Moreover， the kindergarten teacher is the key of preschool education development. This article discusses the the relationship between psychological empowerment and job burnout of kindergarten teachers in poor ethnic areas by conducting a research to 310 kindergarten teachers. The research results show that： firstly， there are obvious gender differences in various job burnout factors among kindergarten teachers in the poor ethnic areas. Besides， there are differences in education degree and teaching experiences in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Secondly， there is a negative correlation between job burnout and psychological empowerment of kindergarten teachers in the poor ethnic areas. And， self-efficacy， significance of work and job autonomy have remarkable negative predictive effect on job burnout， indicating that psychological empowerment of kindergarten teachers in the poor ethnic areas has a significant impact on their job burnout.

Keywords： poor ethnic areas； kindergarten teachers； psychological empowerment； job burnout

一、问题的提出

Thomas等人认为心理授权是个体体验到的心理状态或认知的综合体。它主要由工作意义、自我效能、自主性和工作影响四种认知组成。工作意义是指个体根据自己的价值体系和标准，对工作目标和目的价值的认知；自我效能是指个体对自身完成工作的能力的认知；自主性是指个体对工作活动的控制能力；工作影响则是指个体在多大程度能够影响所在组织在战略、行政、管理和运营等方面的结果[1]。

职业倦怠是指个体在面对过度工作需求时所产生的身体和情绪衰竭的现象[2]。目前关于幼儿教师的职业倦怠主要来源于教师职业是多种类工作中较容……