员工异质性与企业的占优薪酬形式选择
2017-05-26宋妍陈赛张明
宋妍+陈赛+张明


摘要:通过建立员工异质性基础上的企业占优薪酬形式选择模型,比较两种薪酬形式的适用条件,并与员工同质情况下的结论比较,丰富了薪酬制度研究,为国内外企业薪酬形式选择差异提供了理论解释。结论表明:当员工异质且规避风险时,企业应当放弃计件工资,选择保险功能强的竞赛式薪酬;当员工异质性程度增强时,企业应当转而选择激励功能强的计件工资,但计件工资的激励效率会随着员工数量的增加而下降。因此,只有切合宏观环境、企业发展状况、员工属性等因素的薪酬形式,才是适应和引领未来经济新常态的企业占优薪酬选择。
关键词:计件工资;竞赛式薪酬;员工异质性;企业薪酬形式
DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2017.04.16
中图分类号:F272.92;F244 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8409(2017)04-0070-05
Abstract: By establishing the model of enterprise dominant compensation form based on employee heterogeneity, this paper compared the application conditions of the two compensation forms and the conclusions with the situation that employees are homogeneous, which enriches the compensation system study, and provides a theoretical explanation for the difference of domestic and foreign enterprise compensation forms. Results show that, if the employees are heterogeneous and risk aversion, the enterprise shall abandon piece rate, and choose tournament which insurance function is strong. If the employees are more and more heterogeneous, the enterprise shall choose piece rate instead which incentive function is strong, however, the incentive effect of piece rate will decrease with the increase of employees. Therefore, only the compensation form combined with macro environment, enterprise development and employee attributes and other factors, is enterprises optimum compensation form that adapt and lead the future of the new economy normal.
Key words:piece rate; tournament; employee heterogeneity; enterprise compensation form
1 引言
目前國内绝大部分的制造企业,以及国有大中型的采煤或采矿企业,都对生产一线员工实行计件工资制(piece rate),认为这是提高工作效率、降低生产成本的有效途径。因此,在这些一线员工的薪酬结构中,固定部分非常少,通常仅高于劳动法规定的最低工资标准;而计件工资,即可变薪酬高达80%,是员工收入的最主要组成部分。这与国外成熟企业的薪酬结构恰好相反,也与现代企业管理模式存在一定冲突。
以美国为例,20世纪初有三分之二的煤矿企业对生产一线员工实行计件工资制,到1945年,这一比例下降到五分之一[1]。Ehrenberg和Robert根据工业调查资料得出,美国20世纪70年代工业企业中被纳入计件工资体系的员工比例不足20%[2];……
