王海波　王传增　程来亮　常源升　何平　李林光

摘要：研究了5个授粉品种的花粉直感效应对富士苹果烟富3套袋果实糖酸组分和味感品质的影响，为筛选有利于提升套袋富士风味品质的授粉品种提供参考。结果表明：5个授粉品种对套袋富士果实糖、酸组分含量存在显著的花粉直感效应；果实糖组分中，葡萄糖含量以金冠和锦绣海棠授粉时较高，蔗糖含量以嘎啦授粉时含量较高；苹果酸含量以嘎啦、金冠和红宝石授粉时较高，草酸和琥珀酸含量以锦绣海棠和红宝石授粉时较高；采用嘎啦授粉的果实总糖含量较高，总酸含量以锦绣海棠和红宝石授粉时较高。嘎啦和金冠授粉时果实糖酸比较高，红宝石授粉时最低，果实的味感评价结果表明，红宝石授粉果实呈现出“甜酸”味感，而其它4个品种授粉果实表现为“酸甜适度”。

关键词：花粉直感效应；富士苹果；套袋果实；糖酸组分；味感品质

中图分类号：S661.1 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）04-0042-04

Effect of Metaxenia on Sugars and Organic Acids and

Taste Quality of Bagged Fuji Apple Fruits

Wang Haibo， Wang Chuanzeng， Cheng Lailiang， Chang Yuansheng， He Ping， Li Linguang

（Shandong Institute of Pomology/Experimental Station of Fruit Science in Huang-Huai Area

of Ministry of Agriculture， Taian 271000， China）

Abstract In order to provide references for screening appropriate pollination varieties which could improve the flavor quality of bagged Fuji apple fruits， the effects of metaxenia on the sugars， organic acids and taste quality were studied. Five varieties of Gala， Golden Delicious， Xinhongxing， Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby were used as pollination trees， and Yanfu 3 was used as the pollinated one. The results showed significant metaxenia effects of five pollination varieties on sugars， organic acids and taste quality of bagged Fuji fruits. The glucose content in Fuji apple was higher when pollinated with Golden Delicious and Jinxiuhaitang， and the sucrose content was higher when pollinated with Gala. Higher malic acid content was detected in Fuji fruits pollinated with Gala， Golden Delicious and Ruby， and higher contents of oxalic and succinic acids were detected in the ones pollinated with Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby. The higher total sugar content was found in the fruits pollinated with Gala， and higher total acid content was found in the fruits pollinated with Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby. The ratio of total sugars to total acids was higher when pollinated with Gala and Golden Delicious， but was the lowest when pollinated with Ruby. So the fruits of Fuji were given ‘sweet-sour taste after pollinated with Ruby and ‘sour and sweet moderately taste after pollinated with the other four varieties.

Keywords Metaxenia； Fuji apple； Bagged fruits； Sugars and organic acid components； Taste quality

父本花粉直接影響其受精形成的种子或果实，导致表型变异的现象称为花粉直感（metaxenia）[1]。对不同果树的研究表明，果实外观如大小、形状、着色程度、色相，以及内在糖、酸、VC含量、果肉硬度等均受父本花粉影响[2-6]。李保国等[7]研究表明，2001 富士苹果在果肉细胞间隙、细胞大小、硬度、糖酸含量、VC 含量等内在品质方面表现出明显的花粉直感现象。王延秀等[8]通过研究证明了11个海棠品种对‘阿斯苹果果实大小、果形指数、果肉硬度、VC含量和花青苷质量分数的花粉直感效应。……