李燕　张玉凤　林海涛　沈玉文　宋效宗　刘苹

摘要：本研究采用菌絲生长速率法测定不同浓度木醋液对小麦根腐病菌的抑菌活性，并采用不同浓度的木醋液培养小麦，测定小麦发芽势、发芽率及生长情况，旨在明确不同浓度木醋液对小麦根腐病3种致病菌（腐霉菌、平脐蠕孢菌和禾谷镰刀菌）的抑菌作用，以及对小麦发芽和生长情况的影响，最终筛选出防治小麦根腐病的最佳木醋液使用浓度。结果发现，0.80%以上浓度的木醋液能够完全抑制3种致病菌的菌丝生长。其中木醋液浓度为0.10%时对腐霉菌菌丝生长的抑制率达到84.28%；木醋液浓度为0.40%时，对平脐蠕孢菌菌丝生长的抑制率达到81.56%；木醋液浓度为0.60%时对禾谷镰刀菌菌丝生长的抑制率达到83.78%。不同浓度的木醋液对小麦发芽及生长也有影响，浓度大于0.50%时，小麦发芽势和发芽率均呈下降趋势，浓度大于1.00%时，小麦的根长和地上部分长度都显著减小。因此，采用木醋液防治小麦根腐病的最适浓度为0.60%。

关键词：木醋液；小麦根腐病菌；发芽率；发芽势；生长情况

中图分类号：S435.121.4+7 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）04-0096-05

Effects of Wood Vinegar on Pathogenic Bacteria of

Wheat Root Rot Disease and Wheat Germination

Li Yan1，2， Zhang Yufeng1，3， Lin Haitao1，4， Shen Yuwen1，2， Song Xiaozong1，3， Liu Ping1，4

（1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，

Jinan 250100， China； 2. Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization， Ministry of Agriculture， Jinan 250100， China；

3. Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain， Ministry of Agriculture， Jinan 250100， China；

4. Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Environmental Protection Fertilizers， Jinan 250100， China）

Abstract The effects of three different concentrations of wood vinegar on pathogenic bacteria of wheat root rot disease （Phythium sp.， Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium graminearum） were analyzed by using mycelial growth rate method， at the same time， the wheat germination energy， germination rate and growth affected by wood vinegar were also researched to screen the optimum concentration of wood vinegar for controlling wheat root rot disease. The results showed that wood vinegar at the concentration more than 0.80% could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of the three kinds of pathogenic bacteria. Among them， the inhibition rate of 0.10% wood vinegar to Phythium sp. was 84.28%， and that of 0.40% wood vinegar to Bipolaris sorokiniana and 0.60% wood vinegar to Fusarium graminearum were 81.56% and 83.78% respectively. Different concentrations of wood vinegar had effects on germination and growth of wheat. When the concentration was more than 0.50%， the wheat germination energy and germination rate declined. When the concentration was more than 1.00%， the wheat root length and aboveground length reduced significantly. In a word， the optimum concentration of wood vinegar for controlling wheat root rot disease was 0.60%.

Keywords Wood vinegar； Wheat root rot disease； Germination rate； Germination energy； Growth

木醋液是将木材及其加工剩余物碳化或干馏过程中产生的烟气经冷凝回收分离获得的有机混合物。木醋液成分复杂，含有酸、醇、酚、酯、羰基类及呋喃类等多种有机成分，还有胺类、甲胺、吡啶等少量碱类物质及Ca、Mg、Na、Fe等微量元素[1]。木醋液起源于17 世纪欧洲的木材干馏工业，18 世纪80 年代介绍到日本[2]，并应用于农业中。20世纪80年代后期，中国开始对木醋液进行研究。……