不同年生韭菜田中韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态研究
2017-05-18孙廷林沈一凡翟一凡庄乾营于毅周
孙廷林 沈一凡 翟一凡 庄乾营 于毅 周仙红 张文平
摘要:2014年3—12月采用挖根取样调查法和色板诱捕法,对不同年生韭菜田中韭菜迟眼蕈蚊各个虫态种群发生数量进行系统调查。结果表明:韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在3年生和4年生韭菜田发生量最多;3—6月温湿度适宜,是各个虫态的发生高峰期;10—12月是第二个发生高峰期,但明显少于3—6月份;12月中下旬以老熟幼虫和少量蛹于韭菜鳞茎周围土中越冬。
关键词:不同年生韭菜;韭菜迟眼蕈蚊;种群动态
中图分类号:S436.33 文献标识号:A 文章编号:1001-4942(2017)04-0092-04
Population Dynamic of Bradysia odoriphaga in Leek Fields
with Different Planting Years
Sun Tinglin1, Shen Yifan2, Zhai Yifan1, Zhuang Qianying1,
Yu Yi1, Zhou Xianhong1, Zhang Wenping1
(1.Institute of Plant Protection,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Plant Virology of Shandong,
Jinan 250100, China; 2. Agricultural Bureau of Tancheng County, Tancheng 276100, China)
Abstract By the methods of root-digged sampling survey and yellow sticky trapping, the population dynamic of Bradysia odoriphaga was investigated systematically in leek fields with different planting years from March to December in 2014. The results showed that the quantity of B. odoriphaga was the most in 3- or 4-year-old leek field. From March to June, the temperature and humidity were appropriate, all stages reached the peak. From October and December, the second peak occurred, but the quantity was more less than that in the first one. From the middle to late of December, the matured larva or pupa of B. odoriphaga overwintered in the soil around the leek.
Keywords Leek with different planting years; Bradysia odoriphaga; Population dynamic
韭菜迟眼蕈蚊(Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang)属双翅目、长角亚目、眼蕈蚊科、迟眼蕈蚊属,俗称韭蛆,是我国特有的害虫种类[1]。该虫可为害百合科、菊科、藜科、十字花科、葫芦科、伞形科等6科30多种蔬菜,还能为害食用菌[2-4]。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊以幼虫群集为害,主要蛀食韭菜嫩茎和鳞茎,造成植株枯黄倒伏或死亡,严重影响韭菜的产量和质量,已经成为我国韭菜生产的主要限制因子[5,6]。
韭菜是百合科葱属单子叶多年生草本植物,在我国分布广泛并具有悠久的栽培历史,其气味芳香、营养丰富且具有一定的药用价值,深受消费者喜爱[7-12]。近年来,随着韭苔经济价值的提高,韭菜种植面积不断扩大,大面积种植加之良好的水肥管理为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的种群繁殖提供了良好的环境条件。掌握韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生规律是准确制定综合防控方案的先决条件。目前,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生规律的调查已有相关报道[4,13-17],但未见对不同年生韭菜田中韭菜迟眼蕈蚊各虫态种群动态调查的相关报道。……
