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向日葵黄萎病综合防控技术研究

2017-05-18朱统国王曙文李晓伟王丽牛海龙

山东农业科学 2017年4期

朱统国 王曙文 李晓伟 王丽 牛海龙 刘洪欣 李玉发 李伟堂 王佰众 何中国

摘要:

在二比空高产栽培模式下,研究生防菌剂萎菌净可湿性粉剂(拌种)和颗粒剂(拌土)对向日葵黄萎病发病率、植株性状、产量及产量构成的影响,以确定最优向日葵黄萎病防控方案。结果表明,在二比空高产栽培模式下,生防菌剂萎菌净对防治黄萎病效果明显,且同时对种子和土壤进行处理效果最好,较对照增产12%以上,植株性状、产量构成均优于其他处理,是向日葵黄萎病防控的最佳技术措施。

关键词:向日葵;二比空栽培模式;黄萎病;植株性状

中图分类号:S435.655 文献标识号:A 文章编号:1001-4942(2017)04-0100-04

Integrated Control Technology for Sunflower Verticillium Wilt

Zhu Tongguo, Wang Shuwen, Li Xiaowei, Wang Li, Niu Hailong, Liu Hongxin,

Li Yufa, Li Weitang, Wang Baizhong, He Zhongguo

(Institute of Peanut, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China)

Abstract This study was aimed to confirm the optimal control scheme for sunflower Verticillium wilt. The effects of biocontrol agent Weijunjing wettable powder (seed dressing) and granules (mixed with soil) on the incidence of Verticillium wilt,and plant traits, yield and its components of sunflower were studied under the empty every two rows solid permeation cultivation conditions. The results showed that the biocontrol agent Weijunjing was more effective to prevent and control Verticillium wilt in empty every two rows solid permeation cultivation, and both seed dressing and soil treatment effect was the best; the yield of sunflower was 12% higher than that of the control, and the plant traits, yield components were better than the other treatments. In conclusion, it could be used as the key technology to control sunflower Verticillium wilt.

Keywords Sunflower; Empty every two rows solid permeation cultivation; Verticillium wilt; Plant traits

向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)屬菊科,起源于北美洲西南部,是世界第二大油料作物,也是我国重要的油料和经济作物[1,2],具有耐盐碱、抗干旱、耐贫瘠、适应性强等特性[3]。近年来,我国向日葵需求量持续增加,在国民经济和人民膳食结构中占有越来越重要的地位。截至2013 年,全国向日葵种植面积在 92 万公顷左右,居世界第5位。但因种植结构不合理及国外品种资源的引入,向日葵黄萎病病害日趋严重。该病可使向日葵的盘径减小,含油量降低,从而影响向日葵的产量及品质[4],造成向日葵经济效益降低,严重影响我国向日葵产业的健康发展[5]。

向日葵黄萎病是一种典型的土传植物维管束病害,广泛分布于欧亚大陆和美洲等地,其病原菌是大丽花轮枝孢(Verticillium dahlia Kleb.)。该病菌可侵染棉花、向日葵、茄子和番茄等 600 多种植物[6],具有分布范围广、危害程度重、寄主种类多、传播途径多、植物体外存活时间长等特点[7]。……

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