庞茹

一

灯下阅览，“独立桥头人不识，一星如月看多时”。

关于读诗，现在还有什么用？

前段时间央视播出《中国诗词大会》第二季，却再次掀起读诗的大潮。从《诗经》开始，包括楚辞、汉魏古诗，唐宋与明清诗词，一直延续到现当代名家之作，时间跨越数千年。“青青子衿，悠悠我心”的纯真质朴、“路漫漫其修远兮”的上下求索、“东临碣石、以观沧海”的雄心壮志、“心远地自偏”的隐士风流、“黄河之水天上来”的开拓气象、“梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏点点滴滴”的婉约缠绵……千百年来，中国人就是从这些意味无穷的诗词中得到滋养，代代相传、生生不息。

二

经典的文学艺术作品除了具有深刻的哲思以外，还要有审美价值，对于诗词来说尤其如此。《中国诗词大会》的比赛中，使用过中唐诗人贾岛《忆江上吴处士》的颔联“秋风吹渭水，落叶满长安”。这诗句纯粹写景，透出几分凉意，寄托着深深的无奈和惆怅，曾经感染了许多悲绪之人。后世，宋人周邦彦《齐天乐》词“渭水西风，长安乱叶，空忆诗情宛转”，元人白朴《梧桐雨》杂剧“伤心故园，西风渭水，落日长安”，都是脱胎于此。近人王国维《人间词话》讲审美，诗有“有我之境”和“无我之境”。“秋风吹渭水，落叶满长安”当是无我之境的佳构。

“落花人独立，微雨燕双飞”，人们大凡以为这是宋词人晏几道《临江仙》词中名句，不过点评嘉宾、南京师范大学郦波教授指出，原句出自唐人翁宏《春残》诗，因为实在太美，晏几道就直接化用过来，使得这句诗流传更广。

三

诗词具有审美价值，可以塑造人格、锻造品性。宋大家苏轼一生有起伏，坎坷中依然胸襟开阔、情怀浪漫，所以能写出“大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物”这样的豪放词句。同时，苏轼也有着作为一个男人的深情厚谊，他对几任妻子的感情都非常深厚，在原配妻子去世十年后，写下了“十年生死两茫茫，不思量，自难忘”悼亡之词。所以，有人评价苏轼“从来不失浪漫与尊严”。

至于像唐之杜甫“安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”、南宋之陆游“王师北定中原日，家祭无忘告乃翁”、南宋之岳飞“待重头、收拾旧山河，朝天阙”，这些句子中体现出的，都是升华的人格，很多人也正是从中感悟魅力、汲取勇气和力量。比如，《中国诗词大会》的选手、农民大姐白茹云，遭受病痛苦难，但出场即念出“千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风”；年轻的独臂女孩张超凡，虽然遗憾离场，却能从容道出“行到水穷处，坐看云起时”。

四

有人说得对：“身为中国人，中华文化在我们每个人身上的烙印终归会显现出它的力量。”天涯明月，海上此時。许多海外游子会因为一同吟出一句诗而热泪盈眶，这就是共有的文化基因引起的灵魂共鸣和震颤。《中国诗词大会》中有一首清词人纳兰性德《长相思》词，“山一程，水一程，身向榆关那畔行，夜深千帐灯。风一更，雪一更，聒碎乡心梦不成，故园无此声”，抒发着相思的绵长心境，缠绵而不颓废。王国维评价“容若词自然真切”。

《中国诗词大会》的走红背后，正是人们对关怀心灵世界的一种希冀。诗词中，有着一种无关财富、不分高低理念的心灵世界；诗词中有着人类相通的情感——喜怒哀乐、悲欢离合。

五

在现今泥沙俱下的综艺节目中，《中国诗词大会》不啻是一股清流；虽然也有人提出意见，认为诗词不能只是背诵，而且入选的诗词并不能真正代表中国古典诗词的精华。但不管怎样，背诵经典是基础，而且节目也的确激发了大家对诗词的热情，只是不能仅仅停留在这个阶段，而应在诵读中更好地去理解诗词蕴含的深意、感受诗词的意境。

今天，我们更应该考虑的是该如何从古诗中得到更多的滋养，该如何传承古典文化，该如何通过阅读来提升自身乃至整个社会的文化水平及审美水平。

Many people， with a pragmatist attitude toward life， would probably question the value of poems in the present time and the present world. “Who is standing still on the bridge looking at the bright star for such a long time？ ” Some would probably question the sanity of the stargazer on the bridge.

However， so many people have responded to Chinese poetry recently that the second season of the screened from January 29 to February 7 on CCTV became a national hit. Comments and discussions have raved in news media and internet social communities across the country.

China has a long history of poetry， with the oldest poems recorded in collections more than 2，500 years ago. What makes these poems miraculously relevant today is that most of them present no language barriers， because the written words of these poems remain largely unchanged today and can be easily understood by people with primary education. Poems written 2，500 years ago are still quoted today， let alone those composed and sung in the Tang （618-907） and the Song （960-1279）， the dynasties that witnessed the splendid climax of the ancient Chinese poetry. These poems cover a great range of human experiences and emotions， and explore the intimacy between man and nature. Opening readers eyes to so many things and events and possibilities and emotions， these poems have nourished the Chinese nation and will continue to nourish our future generations. It can be said that we are the poems we write.

In addition to the philosophical thinking in poems， Chinese poems provide a comprehensive system of aesthetics. Many lines that got quoted in the second season of the this year are descriptions of nature that integrate human emotions.

In China， poems are not just literary works that sound beautifully and inspire imagination. They shape and make characteristics and personalities. In terms of ancient poems， many poets are considered great not only because of the great poems they wrote but also because of their nobility. Take Su Dongpo for example. Arguably the greatest poet of the Song， Su experienced ups and downs in his government career and he even lived in exile for ten years. His poems highlight a poet of romance， dignity， optimism， charm， and splendor. Some critics say that Su Dongpo never lost dignity and poetic sentiments. Some poems give readers courage and strength and comfort and see readers through difficulties of life.

Poems link Chinese people at home and abroad. All Chinese people are born with the culture and it shows through our lives. Chinese poems help make people identify with each other and recognize their ancestral roots back home. Read a poem aloud somewhere far away from home and you can find tears swell into your eyes. There are numerous poems in our cultural repertoire that are tearjerkers for those of us far away from home.

The popularity of the television program is really about the inner world. Chinese poetry is a world of equality where every one of us can find spiritual comfort no matter whether we are poor or rich. These poems offer universal experiences： happiness， anger， sorrows， and joys， grief， hope and despair that everybody understands.

Theis indeed a phenomenon of all kinds of entertainment shows on television. Though some people may find faults with the way poems are featured at the show， the program has inspired many people to read poems， become curious about the way poems touch their hearts. Love is the first step toward something bigger such as carrying on the traditional Chinese poetry， enhancing the overall cultural literacy of the whole society， and promoting Chinese aesthetics.