叶芳++童春++孙剑笠++王欢

[摘要] 目的 初步分析北京市三級综合医院住院贫血患者的临床特征。 方法 选取2015年7月～2016年7月在清华大学附属北京市垂杨柳医院住院的10 152例患者中3870例贫血患者的资料，按年龄、性别、科室分布情况进行回顾性分析。 结果 住院患者中，贫血患者达38.12%，男性贫血患者占29.72%，与女性贫血患者（49.11%）比较，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。轻、中度贫血患者占97.47%；重度、极重度贫血患者占2.53%。贫血患者主要分布在血液科、产科、肿瘤科、肾内科、消化科、呼吸科、心内科等科室，原发于血液系统疾病的贫血患者占9.77%，继发于其他系统疾病的贫血患者占90.23%；其中继发于产科疾病、肿瘤、肾病、消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、心血管系统疾病的贫血患者共计2393例，占61.83%。 结论 三级综合医院住院患者贫血发生率较高，且女性贫血患者明显多于男性贫血患者，但因临床症状常不明显，仅表现为轻中度贫血，且在各科室中分布不一，应引起各临床科室医生的高度重视。

[关键词] 贫血；三级综合医院；北京市；临床特征

[中图分类号] R556 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2017）01（b）-0081-04

Analysis on the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with anemia in the third-class comprehensive hospital in Beijing City

YE Fang TONG Chun SUN Jianli WANG Huan ZHANG Li'nan WANG Ling

Department of Hematology， Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University， Beijing 100022， China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with anemia in the third-class comprehensive hospital preliminarily. Methods The clinical data of 3870 cases of patients with anemia among 10 152 hospitalized patients in Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University from July 2015 to July 2016 was selected， and they were analyzed retrospectively according to the conditions of age， gender and department distribution. Results Among the hospitalized patients， the percentage of patients with anemia reached to 38.12%， among which， the percentage of male patients with anemia was 29.72%， which had statistically significant difference compared with that of female patients with anemia （49.11%） （P < 0.05）. The patients with anemia were mainly distributed in the hematological department， obstetrical department， oncology department， nephrology department， gastroenterology department， respiratory department and cardiology department. The patients with anemia from primary hematological diseases accounted for 9.77% and 90.23% of patients with anemia were secondary to other diseases， among which， total 2393 cases （61.83%） of patients with anemia were secondary to obstetrical disease， cancer， kidney disease， digestive system disease， respiratory system disease and cardiovascular disease. Conclusion The incidence of hospitalized patients with anemia in the third-class comprehensive hospital is high， and female patients are significantly more than male patients. However， the clinical characteristics are often not obvious， the patients show mild to moderate anemia， and the distribution in different departments is not the same， which should be paid more attention during the clinical doctors.

[Key words] Anemia； Third-class comprehensive hospital； Beijing City； Clinical characteristics

贫血是指人体外周血红细胞容量减少、低于正常范围下限的一种常见的临床综合征。贫血在临床中很常见，除去血液系统疾病本身会引起贫血外，大部分贫血是由其他各系统疾病引起的，但是大多数贫血患者常常仅表现为轻、中度贫血而缺乏特异性临床症状，容易被临床医生忽视，而没有采取积极有效的干预措施。本研究通过对清华大学附属北京市垂杨柳医院（以下简称“我院”）收治的10 152例住院患者中3870例贫血患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，初步分析北京市三级综合医院住院患者的临床特征。现将结果报道如下：1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2015年7月～2016年7月在我院住院的10 152例患者，其中男5754例，女4398例，对各科室住院患者的相关临床资料进行分析。

1.2 贫血和贫血程度诊断标准

在海平面地区，贫血和贫血程度诊断标准参照《血液病诊断及疗效标准》[1]。成年男性：血红蛋白<120 g/L，成年女性（非妊娠）：血红蛋白<110 g/L，孕妇：血红蛋白<100 g/L。轻度：血红蛋白≥90 g/L；中度：血红蛋白60～<90 g/L；重度：血红蛋白30～<60 g/L；……