糖尿病周围神经病变诊断进展
2017-03-18张贺成魏苏
张贺成++魏苏
[摘要] 糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)是糖尿病慢性并发症之一,是糖尿病足、溃疡感染和截肢发生的主要原因之一。随着检测技术的进步,DPN的早期诊断逐渐为人们所重视。临床上常结合定量感觉检查、神经电生理检测等方法诊断DPN,高频超声、角膜共焦显微镜技术、磁共振成像等检查方法尚有待完善。为了进一步控制和延缓DPN的发生、发展,DPN的早期诊断方法值得深入研究。本文对目前DPN的诊断进展作一综述。
[关键词] 糖尿病周围神经病变;诊断;研究进展
[中图分类号] R587 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)01(b)-0045-04
Progress in diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
ZHANG Hecheng WEI Su
Department of Endocrinology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Anhui Province, Suzhou 234000, China
[Abstract] Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. It is one of the main causes of diabetic foot, ulcer infection and amputation. With the development of detection technology, the early diagnosis of DPN is gradually being valued by people. Quantitative sensory testing combined with electrophysiological examination and other methods are often used to diagnose DPN in clinic. High-frequency ultrasonography and corneal confocal microscope technology, magnetic resonance imaging and other inspection methods have yet to be improved. In order to control and delay the incidence of DPN, the early diagnosis of DPN is worthy of further research. This article reviews the progress in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
[Key words] Diabetic peripheral neuropathy; Diagnosis; Research progress
糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)是糖尿病慢性并发症之一,DPN可以影响50%~90%的糖尿病(DM)患者。DPN是增加足部溃疡和截肢风险的主要因素。20%的DPN患者表现为疼痛性神经病变,它可以独立预测全因及DM相关的病死率[1]。DM患者出现DPN后,3年生存率约为53%[2]。DPN 起病隐袭、发病率高,其病理严重程度与临床症状不成正比,许多患者可以长期无症状,有报道[3]称新诊断的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者中,10%已经存在DPN,DM病程超过10年,50%以上的DM患者会发生不同程度的DPN。目前临床上针对DPN的诊断仍缺乏统一的标准,不同的检测方法所获得的诊断结果不一,而国内外经诊断后的DPN的发生率也有所差别,归纳起来主要有以下几点:
1 超声检查
近年高频多普勒超声在判断DPN方面起到重要作用,特别是为DPN形态学研究提供了新方法。超声能够清晰地显示DPN患者受累神经的结构、位置及病变的范围,可提高DPN的诊断率,可作为DPN形态学重要的诊断方法[4]。……
