杨洋　梁洪生

[摘要] 目的 探究优质护理对脊髓损伤患者心理特征及胃肠道康复的影响。 方法 回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院于2014年5月～2016年5月收治的90例脊髓损伤患者的临床资料，按照就诊时间顺序分为常规护理组（2014年5月～2015年5月）与优质护理组（2015年6月～2016年5月），每组各45例；对比两组患者护理前后负性情绪的变化、胃肠道康复效果及日常生活活动能力。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）評价负性情绪变化，采用日常生活评定量表（Barthel指数）评价日常生活活动能力。 结果 与护理前相比，两组患者的SAS及SDS评分在护理后明显降低（P < 0.05），优质护理组护理后的SAS及SDS评分明显低于常规护理组护理后（P < 0.05）；优质护理组胃肠道康复效果明显优于常规护理组（P < 0.05）；优质护理组Barthel指数量表得分明显优于常规护理组（P < 0.05）。 结论 采用优质护理可有效降低脊髓损伤患者的负性情绪，改善心理特征，并促进胃肠道功能的康复，提高生活质量。

[关键词] 优质护理；脊髓损伤；心理特征；胃肠道功能

[中图分类号] R473.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2016）11（c）-0182-04

Effect of high quality nursing on postoperative psychological characteristics and rehabilitation of gastrointestinal tract in patients with spinal cord injury

YANG Yang LIANG Hongsheng

Department of Brain Surgery， the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University， Heilongjiang Province， Harbin 150001， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the impact of high quality nursing on the psychological characteristics and gastrointestinal tract recovery of patients with spinal cord injury. Methods The clinical data of 90 cases with spinal cord injury treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from May 2014 to May 2016 were analyzed retrospectively and divided into the conventional nursing group （from Mey 2014 to May 2015） and high quality nursing group （from June 2015 to May 2016） according to the admission time， 45 cases in each group. The change of the negative emotions， rehabilitation effect of gastrointestinal tract and activities of daily living of the two groups were compared. The change of the negative emotions were evaluated by self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） and self-rating depression scale（SDS）. The activities of daily living were evaluated by Barthel index. Results Compared with before nursing， the SAS and SDS scores of the two groups obviously decreased after nursing （P < 0.05）， the SAS and SDS scores of the high quality nursing group after nursing were lower than the conventional nursing group after nursing （P < 0.05）. The rehabilitation effect of gastrointestinal tract of high quality nursing group was obviously superior to that of conventional nursing group （P < 0.05）. The Barthel index scales of the high quality nursing group were better than the conventional care group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The high quality nursing care can effectively reduce negative emotions of patients with spinal cord injury， improve the psychological characteristics， accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal function and enhance the quality of life .

[Key words] High quality nursing care； Spinal cord injury； Psychological characteristics； Gastrointestinal function

脊髓损伤作为临床上一类病情较为严重的疾病，绝大多数患者因病情较重而丧失了活动能力，只能在病床上接受治疗及护理，还有部分患者因出现了相关性神经损伤，失去了自主控制排便的功能，同時伴有肠道括约肌功能、反射失常，出现电解质紊乱、失禁、便秘等症状，对患者的生活质量造成了较大的影响[1-4]。以往临床上采用的常规护理只能满足患者基本所需，但在促进胃肠道功能康复、改善生活质量方面仍无法获得良好效果[5]。优质护理是在人文关怀及整体护理基础上提出的新型护理服务理念，在确保患者治疗效果及促进康复方面具有重要意义。本研究结合哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院（以下简称“我院”）给予不同护……