基于Nuttall窗三谱线插值FFT谐波测量
2017-02-16李威
李威
摘要:非同步采样和非整数周期截断时,由于频率泄露和栅栏效应,快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的电力系统谐波分析误差较大。为减小该误差,本文分析了四项五阶Nuttall窗的频谱特性,提出了基于四项五阶Nuttall窗三峰谱线插值FFT的谐波分析算法,运用多项式拟合推导出频率、幅值、相位的修正公式。含21次谐波信号仿真结果表明,相比于常见的Blackman窗、Blackman-Harris窗插值FFT和双峰谱线插值,本文算法精度更高,同时本文算法能有效克服基波频率波动对谐波分析的影响。对实际采集到的电压信号的实验研究进一步证明了该方法的正确性。
Abstract: When used under the non-synchronized sampling and non-integral period truncation conditions, the electrical harmonic analysis by Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) has large error due to spectral leakage and picket fence effect. In order to reduce the error, the paper analyzes the spectral characteristics of four-term fifth derivative Nuttall window, an approach for harmonic analysis based on four-term fifth derivative Nuttall window and triple-spectrum-line interpolation FFT is proposed, the explicit rectification formulas of frequency, amplitude and phase are obtained by using polynomial curve fitting. Simulation results for 21 order harmonics indicate that the algorithm has a better analysis precision compared to Blackman window, Blackman-Harris window interpolated FFT and the double-spectrum-line interpolation, effectively restrains the influences of fundamental frequency fluctuation as well. Experimental result of voltage signal actual collected further demonstrates the validity of approach presented.
關键词:谐波分析;四项五阶Nuttall窗;三峰谱线插值;多项式拟合
Key words: harmonic analysis;four-term fifth derivative Nuttall window;triple-spectrum-line interpolation;polynomial fit
中图分类号:TM714 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2017)04-0079-03
0 引言
电力系统谐波分析中常用的分析方法是FFT,但因非同步采样和非整数周期截断造成的频谱泄露和栅栏效应,影响谐波分析结果,无法达到谐波测量的相关要求[2-4]。为解决这个问题,广泛应用的是加窗插值修正算法。性能良好的窗函数对信号加窗处理可有效减少频谱泄露[5-6],常用的窗函数有Hanning[7]窗、Blackman[8]窗、Blackman-Harris[9]窗、Nuttall[10]窗。运用插值修正算法可有效减小栅栏效应引起的误差,常用的插值算法有双峰谱线插值[5],三峰谱线插值[11],三次样条插值[12]。本文对比常用窗函数的旁瓣特性,选用四项五阶Nuttall窗,结合三峰谱线插值算法,提出了基于四项五阶Nuttall窗三峰谱线插值FFT的谐波分析算法,推导出频率、幅值和相位的修正公式。应用于21次谐波模型,在基波频率波动影响下进行仿真实验,并对实际采集到的电压信号分析,仿真和实验结果均验证了本文算法的有效性。……
