乡村声景观的“乡音”构成及保护开发
2017-02-15陈麦池
陈麦池
摘 要:当今文化景观日益现代化,传统习俗和民风民情渐渐丧失;噪音污染打破了家园的宁静,乡村声环境遭到破坏和损毁,乡村声景观的生态和人文危机日益凸显。乡村声景观的“乡音”构成涉及地理、历史、文化和心理四个维度。乡村声景观主要包括乡村田园、农业生产、农家生活和民俗文化等。在美丽乡村建设中,要保护开发“记得住乡愁”的乡音,关键在于将乡村声景观同乡村生态环境和乡土社会文化有机结合起来,保护和开发乡村声景观的生态环境、生活形态、乡村传统人文声景和乡村旅游地的“乡音”场所。
关键词:乡村声景观;“乡音”;“乡愁”;声音遗产;保护开发
Abstract:Nowadays, the rural landscapes have developed at the expense of traditional landscapes and folk customs, and noise pollution in the sound environment destructs and damages the past tranquil villages. The ecological and cultural crisis of rural sound landscape has become increasingly prominent. Acoustic composition of the vernacular soundscape relates to four dimensions of geographical, diachronic, cultural and psychological dimensions. Vernacular soundscape mainly includes the soundscape and sound heritage of pastoral countryside, agricultural production, farmhouse livelihood and rural folk culture. In the beautiful countryside construction, the conservation-oriented development of the vernacular soundscape should be focused on conserving the ecological environment and rural lifestyle, traditional vernacular soundscapes and rural tourism soundscapes, to protect the rural ecological environment and vernacular social culture.
Key words:Vernacular Soundscape ; local accent ; Nostalgia ; sound heritage ; conservation-oriented development
中圖分类号:C912 文献标识码:A
文章编号:1674-4144(2017)-02-57(5)
引言
2016年4月13日,《人民日报》刊文“地名是我们回家的路”。地名,在海内外华人眼里,在所有寻找乡愁的人们心中,就是一条回家的路。像“徽州”这样重要的历史地名,建议予以恢复[1]。随后,人民日报官方微博发起网络投票:“黄山市恢复老名字徽州,你支持吗?”71.4%的网友选择“我要老地名,要敬畏文化,敬畏历史”,以示支持。
记得住乡愁,地名很重要,尤其是一个历史悠久的地名景观,成为地名文化遗产。说到徽州,会想到汤显祖的“一生痴绝处,无梦到徽州”;说到扬州,会想到李白的“故人西辞黄鹤楼,烟花三月下扬州”;说到襄阳,会想到王维的“襄阳好风日,留醉与山翁”。此类地名景观及其经典诗词,渗透着浓烈的地方情感、人文精神、历史内涵和文化自尊。
随着现代化和城市化的急速发展,人们的生活环境中出现了太多的噪音,留在人们美好记忆的声音正迅速消失,使得声音环境和声音景观上存在的问题逐渐凸显。……
